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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">424410</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-6-31</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Dependence of gas porosity in a metal-polymer composite on residual pressure during vibro-vacuum degassing for metal-composite tool bodies</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Зависимость газовой пористости металлополимера от вакуума при вибровакуумной дегазации в металл-композитной технологии инструментальных корпусов</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6131-3217</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57220289616</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAF-5358-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9782-6737</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимый</surname><given-names>Николай Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lubimyi</surname><given-names>Nikolay S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor;</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент;</p></bio><email>nslubim@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5809-4458</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57415919700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JXM-8999-2024</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3387-5740</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Польшин</surname><given-names>Андрей Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Polshin</surname><given-names>Andrey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory researcher</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><email>info@polshin.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-6767</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56105163000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">E-5233-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8046-2647</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Четвериков</surname><given-names>Борис Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chetverikov</surname><given-names>Boris S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>await_rescue@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-1411</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55876537200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAF-5472-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2188-4925</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Prokopenko</surname><given-names>Vladislav S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Прокопенко</surname><given-names>Владислав Станиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Доцент</p></bio><email>vlad.prokopenko1@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0878-3658</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">59005514300</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мальцев</surname><given-names>Ардалион Константинович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Maltsev</surname><given-names>Ardalion K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Post-graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>ardalion_bgtu@mail.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2133-885X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">59475951300</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">OKT-0643-2025</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1598-9839</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bytsenko</surname><given-names>Mikhail V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Быценко</surname><given-names>Михаил Витальевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Студент</p></bio><email>b.michutka2005@gmail.com</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>6</fpage><lpage>31</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Любимый Н.С., Польшин А.А., Четвериков Б.С., Прокопенко В.С., Мальцев А.К., Быценко М.В.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Lubimyi N.S., Polshin A.A., Chetverikov B.S., Prokopenko V.S., Maltsev A.K., Bytsenko M.V.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Любимый Н.С., Польшин А.А., Четвериков Б.С., Прокопенко В.С., Мальцев А.К., Быценко М.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Lubimyi N.S., Polshin A.A., Chetverikov B.S., Prokopenko V.S., Maltsev A.K., Bytsenko M.V.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424410">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424410</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The metal–composite technology (MCT) for manufacturing tool bodies using an “SLM shell + metal–polymer composite material (Metal–polymer/MPCM)” enables the implementation of curvilinear coolant/lubricant supply channels and reduces the additively manufactured metal volume; however, the quality of filling thin-walled cavities is critically determined by the level of gas porosity of the filler. Gas porosity degrades the thermal conductivity and load-bearing capacity of the MPCM, reduces the stability of filling in critical zones near the SLM shell wall and adjacent to the channels, and increases properties dispersion and the risk of defects during tool operation. <bold>The purpose of the work </bold>is to experimentally establish the relationship between MPCM gas porosity and residual pressure under vibro-vacuum degassing and to justify a technologically preferable vacuum range for application in MCT tool bodies. <bold>Methodology. </bold>The study was carried out using a vibro-vacuum setup comprising a preliminary degassing chamber and a casting chamber with low-frequency vibration. Standard MPCM samples were produced for each vacuum condition. Porosity was evaluated using an adopted scoring scale based on microscopy (analysis of pore distribution, clustering, and characteristic defect sizes). <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> The experiment revealed a stable nonlinear (V-shaped) trend: as pressure decreases from atmospheric to approximately 450 Pa, the average porosity score monotonically decreases and reaches a minimum in the 400–350 Pa range (1–2 points). Further vacuum intensification below 300 Pa leads to vigorous gas evolution and foaming (“boiling”), accompanied by a sharp increase in defectiveness (up to 3–5 points). <bold>Conclusions.</bold> The identified optimal vacuum range of 400–350 Pa is recommended as a compromise between effective removal of entrapped gas and avoidance of the foaming, ensuring reproducible filling quality of MPCM within SLM shells in MCT tool-bodies manufacturing.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Металл-композитная технология (МКТ) изготовления инструментальных корпусов по схеме «SLM-оболочка + металлополимерный композиционный материал (металлополимер/МПКМ)» позволяет реализовывать криволинейные каналы подачи СОТС и снижать аддитивный объем металла, однако качество заполнения тонкостенных полостей в решающей степени определяется уровнем газовой пористости наполнителя. Газовая пористость ухудшает теплопроводность и несущую способность МПКМ, снижает стабильность заполнения критических зон у стенки SLM-оболочки и вблизи каналов, что ведет к росту разброса свойств и риску дефектов при эксплуатации инструментов. <bold>Цель работы</bold><bold>:</bold> экспериментально установить зависимость газовой пористости МПКМ от остаточного давления при вибровакуумной дегазации и обосновать технологически предпочтительный диапазон вакуума для применения в МКТ-корпусах режущего инструмента. <bold>Метод и методология.</bold> Исследование выполнено на вибровакуумной установке, включающей в себя камеру предварительной дегазации и камеру заливки с низкочастотной вибрацией. Для каждого режима вакуума изготавливались типовые образцы МПКМ. Пористость оценивалась по принятой балльной шкале на основе микроскопии (анализ распределения пор, кластерности и характерных размеров дефектов). <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Эксперимент показал устойчивую нелинейную (V-образную) закономерность: при снижении давления от атмосферного до области примерно 450 Па средняя пористость монотонно уменьшается, достигая минимума в диапазоне 400…350 Па (уровень 1…2 балла), тогда как при дальнейшем углублении вакуума ниже 300 Па наблюдается переход к интенсивному газовыделению и вспениванию («закипанию») с резким ростом дефектности (до 3…5 баллов). <bold>Выводы.</bold> Установленный оптимальный диапазон 400…350 Па рекомендован как компромисс между эффективным удалением вовлеченного газа и исключением режима вспенивания, что обеспечивает воспроизводимое качество заполнения полостей SLM-оболочек МПКМ в технологии МКТ инструментальных корпусов.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Металл-композитная технология</kwd><kwd>Металлополимерный композиционный материал</kwd><kwd>Вибровакуумная дегазация</kwd><kwd>Газовая пористость</kwd><kwd>SLM-оболочка</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Metal–composite technology</kwd><kwd>Metal–polymer composite material</kwd><kwd>Vibro-vacuum degassing</kwd><kwd>Gas porosity</kwd><kwd>SLM shell</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Funding This study was supported by grant No. 23-79-10022 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-10022/. Acknowledgements The study was performed using the facilities of the High Technologies Center of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Финансирование Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-79-10022, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-10022/. Благодарности Исследование выполнено с использованием оборудования на базе Центра высоких технологий БГТУ им. В. Г. Шухова.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group><fn xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Финансирование</italic></p> <p>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 23-79-10022, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-10022/.</p> <p> </p> <p><italic>Благодарности</italic></p> <p>Исследование выполнено с использованием оборудования на базе Центра высоких технологий БГТУ им. В. Г. Шухова.</p></fn><fn xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Funding</italic></p> <p>This study was supported by grant No. 23-79-10022 from the Russian Science Foundation, https://rscf.ru/project/23-79-10022/.</p> <p> </p> <p><italic>Acknowledgements</italic></p> <p>The study was performed using the facilities of the High Technologies Center of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov.</p></fn></fn-group></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Kelliger T., Meurer M., Bergs T. Potentials of additive manufacturing for cutting tools: a review of scientific and industrial applications // Metals. – 2024. – Vol. 14 (9). – P. 982. – DOI: 10.3390/met14090982.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Kugaevskii S.S., Gamberg A.E., Kulpina K.A. 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