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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">424435</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-179-195</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ. ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Ultrasonic non-destructive property prediction framework for spheroidal graphite iron castings</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Ультразвуковая неразрушающая система прогнозирования свойств отливок из чугуна с шаровидным графитом</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3277-0443</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57213596265</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мхамане</surname><given-names>Дигвиджай</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mhamane</surname><given-names>Digvijay</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering) student</p></bio><email>digvijay.ndt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-3807</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57194031231</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABB-3298-2020</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bewoor</surname><given-names>Anand</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бевур</surname><given-names>Ананд</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><email>anand.bewoor@cumminscollege.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Zeal College of Engineering and Research, Narhe Pune, Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерно-исследовательский колледж Зил, Хархе Пуне, Университет Савитрибай Пхуле</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерный колледж для женщин им. Камминс</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Cummins College of Engineering for Women</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>179</fpage><lpage>195</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Mhamane D., Bewoor A.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Мхамане Д., Бевур А.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Mhamane D., Bewoor A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мхамане Д., Бевур А.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424435">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424435</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Spheroidal graphite (<italic>SG</italic>) iron is widely used in engineering structures due to its high mechanical properties, which are largely determined by the degree of spheroidization (nodularity) of the graphite inclusions. Conventional metallographic evaluation of nodularity provides high accuracy but is a destructive and time‑consuming procedure. Therefore, there is a need for a reliable non‑destructive approach for rapid quality assessment of castings, especially in small‑batch foundry production. <bold><italic>The purpose of this work</italic></bold> is to develop a methodological framework for predicting nodularity and mechanical properties of <italic>SG</italic> iron castings based on ultrasonic testing. <bold>Methods.</bold> Castings of three <italic>SG</italic> iron grades (<italic>SGI 400/12</italic>, <italic>500/7</italic>, and <italic>600/3</italic>) were manufactured according to a <italic>Taguchi L27</italic> experimental design. The controlled process parameters were: pouring temperature (1,380–1,420 °C), carbon equivalent (4.0–4.6), and section thickness (5–15 mm). Ultrasonic testing was performed using a flaw detector with a 4 MHz transducer to measure the longitudinal ultrasonic wave velocity in the samples. Nodularity was determined from the ultrasonic measurements using the instrument's internal calibration and the corresponding velocity relationship. Ultimate tensile strength (<italic>UTS</italic>, <bold>σ<sub>u</sub></bold>) and <italic>Brinell</italic> hardness were determined by standard mechanical testing methods. Multiple linear regression models were developed relating the process parameters and ultrasonic velocity to nodularity, <italic>UTS </italic>(<bold>σ<sub>u</sub></bold>), and hardness. <bold>Results and Discussion.</bold> The developed models demonstrated high predictive capability, with coefficients of determination of <bold><italic>R<sup>2</sup></italic></bold> = 0.8955 for nodularity, <bold><italic>R<sup>2</sup></italic></bold> = 0.9954 for <italic>UTS </italic>(<bold>σ<sub>u</sub></bold>), and <bold><italic>R<sup>2</sup></italic></bold> = 0.8135 for hardness. Carbon equivalent was identified as the most significant parameter affecting all responses. Ultrasonic velocity showed a clear positive correlation with nodularity and mechanical properties. Validation using metallographic analysis confirmed good agreement with ultrasonic predictions, with deviations within 2–3%. The study demonstrates that ultrasonic velocity can be effectively used to predict the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of <italic>SG</italic> iron. The developed regression models provide a simple and practical tool for non‑destructive evaluation, ensuring rapid quality control in foundry production, especially for small‑scale enterprises.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Чугун с шаровидным графитом (ЧШГ) широко применяется в инженерных конструкциях благодаря его высоким механическим свойствам, которые в значительной мере определяются степенью сфероидизации графитных включений. Традиционная металлографическая оценка сфероидизации обеспечивает высокую точность, однако является разрушающей и трудоемкой процедурой. В связи с этим существует потребность в надежном неразрушающем подходе для оперативной оценки качества отливок, особенно в условиях мелкосерийного литейного производства. <bold>Цель настоящей работы:</bold> разработка методологической основы прогнозирования сфероидизации и механических свойств отливок из ЧШГ на базе ультразвукового контроля. <bold>Методы исследования.</bold> Были изготовлены отливки из трех марок ЧШГ (ВЧ 400/12, 500/7 и 600/3) в соответствии с планом экспериментов Taguchi L27. В качестве управляемых параметров рассматривались температура заливки (1380…1420 °C), углеродный эквивалент (4,0…4,6) и толщина стенки отливки (5…15 мм). Ультразвуковой контроль выполнялся с помощью дефектоскопа с преобразователем частотой 4 МГц для измерения скорости продольных ультразвуковых волн в образцах. Сфероидизация определялась по результатам ультразвуковых измерений с использованием внутренней калибровочной базы прибора и соответствующей зависимости скорости распространения ультразвуковых колебаний. Предел прочности при растяжении и твердость определяли стандартными методами механических испытаний. Были разработаны модели множественной линейной регрессии, связывающие технологические параметры и скорость распространения ультразвуковых колебаний со сфероидицацией, пределом прочности при растяжении (σв) и твердостью по Бринеллю. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Разработанные модели продемонстрировали высокую прогностическую способность с коэффициентами детерминации R2 = 0,8955 для сфероидизации, R2 = 0,9954 для σв и R2 = 0,8135 для твердости. Углеродный эквивалент идентифицирован как наиболее значимый параметр, влияющий на все отклики. Скорость распространения ультразвуковых колебаний демонстрирует выраженную положительную корреляцию со сфероидизацией и механическими свойствами. Валидация с привлечением металлографического анализа подтвердила хорошую сходимость с ультразвуковыми оценками при отклонениях в пределах 2…3 %. Исследование показало, что скорость распространения ультразвуковых колебаний может быть эффективно использована для прогнозирования микроструктурных характеристик и механических свойств ЧШГ. Разработанные регрессионные модели представляют собой простой и практичный инструмент для неразрушающей оценки, обеспечивающий оперативный контроль качества в литейном производстве, в особенности для малых предприятий.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Чугун с шаровидным графитом</kwd><kwd>Неразрушающий контроль</kwd><kwd>Скорость распространения ультразвуковых колебаний</kwd><kwd>Прогнозирование свойств</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Spheroidal graphite iron</kwd><kwd>Non-destructive testing</kwd><kwd>Ultrasonic velocity</kwd><kwd>Property prediction</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sangame B.B., Reddy Y.P. 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