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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">424439</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-223-242</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Formation of a single-phase recrystallized structure in titanium-based alloys with natural Elinvar behavior by thermomechanical processing</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Формирование однофазной рекристаллизованной структуры в сплавах с естественным элинварным поведением на основе титана методом термомеханической обработки</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1470-4282</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57526060500</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GNP-2363-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1934-4730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баранова</surname><given-names>Александра Павловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Baranova</surname><given-names>A. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><email>baranova.al.pavlovna@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1664-7039</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">59315227600</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JUU-6465-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5872-4697</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Skirpichnikova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Скирпичникова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>инженер научного проекта</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>scientific project engineer</p></bio><email>skirpichnikova@internet.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9603-2398</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">58512858200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">JDC-5144-2023</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4893-5415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Strakhov</surname><given-names>Oleg V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Страхов</surname><given-names>Олег Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific project engineer</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инженер научного проекта</p></bio><email>strakhovo2018@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0409-1056</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">55217908000A</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">G-7974-2015</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5582-6400</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazlov</surname><given-names>Andrey I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Базлов</surname><given-names>Андрей Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>Bazlov@misis.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2162-2906</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3581-6592</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseeva</surname><given-names>Olga-Liliya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеева</surname><given-names>Ольга-Лилия Васильевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>лаборант-исследователь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>laboratory research assistant</p></bio><email>eliseeva.olli@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5719-5932</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36995210800</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8862-1557</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dubinskiy</surname><given-names>Sergey M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дубинский</surname><given-names>Сергей Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физ.-мат. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>dubinskiy.sm@misis.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный исследовательский технологический университет «МИСИС»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">National University of Science and Technology MISIS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>242</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Baranova A.P., Skirpichnikova A.A., Strakhov O.V., Bazlov A.I., Eliseeva O.V., Dubinskiy S.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Баранова А.П., Скирпичникова А.А., Страхов О.В., Базлов А.И., Елисеева О.В., Дубинский С.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Baranova A.P., Skirpichnikova A.A., Strakhov O.V., Bazlov A.I., Eliseeva O.V., Dubinskiy S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Баранова А.П., Скирпичникова А.А., Страхов О.В., Базлов А.И., Елисеева О.В., Дубинский С.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424439">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424439</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The development of a new class of non-magnetic corrosion-resistant materials with constant elastic properties over a wide temperature range — i.e., exhibiting Elinvar effect — is a pressing challenge in the transition to advanced intelligent manufacturing technologies and robotic systems. To address this challenge, it is necessary to develop a process chain for producing ingots of stable β-titanium alloys with Elinvar effect. Achieving a stable recrystallized structure of the alloys over a wide temperature range also appears promising. Such advances will enable the use of this class of materials in the fabrication of elastic elements intended for oscillatory measuring systems in aerospace and other high-tech applications. <bold>Purpose.</bold> This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of producing a recrystallized β-phase structure in Ti–Nb–Zr, Ti–Nb, and Ti–Mo alloys exhibiting a new type of Elinvar behavior using thermomechanical processing methods. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks were accomplished: (1) production of ingots of stable β-titanium potentially Elinvar alloys Ti–22Nb–15Zr, Ti–40Nb, Ti–45Nb, Ti–50Nb, Ti–12.6Mo, Ti–15Mo, and Ti–20Mo (at.%); (2) development of a processing sequence capable of forming a recrystallized equiaxed β-phase structure without traces of other phases, given that the new type of Elinvar behavior is structurally insensitive; and (3) investigation of the structural and phase state of alloys with potentially natural Elinvar behavior, and elucidation of the relationship between grain size and alloying element content. <bold>Methods. </bold>The objects of the study were ingots of Elinvar alloys Ti–22Nb–15Zr, Ti–40Nb, Ti–45Nb, Ti–50Nb, Ti–12.6Mo, Ti–15Mo, and Ti–20Mo (at.%). The ingots were smelted in an electric arc furnace with a tungsten electrode. The samples were then subjected to thermomechanical processing according to the following schedule: longitudinal hot rolling (true logarithmic strain <bold>e</bold> = 0.3), homogenization annealing, longitudinal cold rolling (true logarithmic strain <bold>e</bold> = 0.67), and post-deformation annealing. Annealing was performed at 1,000 °C for 30 minutes in an argon atmosphere, followed by water quenching. The structural and phase state of the samples was investigated using optical and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The average grain size was determined using the linear intercept method. <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> Stable β-titanium Elinvar alloy ingots were obtained. They are characterized by a high degree of chemical homogeneity and compliance with the specified composition throughout the cross-section. It was found that the proposed thermomechanical processing route for these alloys leads to the formation of a single-phase recrystallized structure consisting of equiaxed β-phase grains. Grain sizes are shown to vary from 22.6 ± 1.4 to 68.1 ± 3.7 μm. In binary alloys of the Ti–Nb and Ti–Mo systems, a decrease in grain size is observed with an increase in the Nb and Mo content. Specifically, for the Ti–Nb system, the grain size decreased from 57.8 ± 3.3 µm to 22.6 ± 1.4 µm with an increase in niobium content of 10 at.%. For the Ti–Mo system, the grain size decreased from 68.1 ± 3.7 µm to 34.4 ± 2.0 µm with an increase in molybdenum content of 7.4 at.%. The formation of a recrystallized equiaxed β-phase structure throughout the ingot volume during combined thermomechanical processing confirms the potential for industrial application of these alloys.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Создание нового класса немагнитных коррозионно-стойких материалов с постоянными упругими свойствами в широком интервале температур, т. е. элинварным поведением, является актуальной задачей при переходе к передовым интеллектуальным производственным технологиям и роботизированным системам. Для решения этой задачи необходимо создать технологическую цепочку получения слитков стабильных β-титановых сплавов с элинварным поведением, а также представляется перспективным получение стабильной рекристаллизованной структуры сплавов в широком интервале температур. Все это позволит использовать данный класс материалов для изготовления упругих элементов, функционирующих в колебательных измерительных системах, для авиакосмической и других высокотехнологичных областей. <bold>Цель</bold><bold> работы</bold> заключалась в исследовании возможности получения рекристаллизованной структуры β-фазы в сплавах систем Ti-Nb-Zr, Ti-Nb и Ti-Mo с элинварным поведением нового типа методами термомеханической обработки. Для достижения поставленной цели были решены следующие задачи: (1) получение слитков стабильных β-титановых потенциально элинварных сплавов Ti-22Nb-15Zr, Ti-40Nb, Ti-45Nb, Ti-50Nb, Ti-12,6Mo (Ti-12.6Mo), Ti-15Mo и Ti-20Mo; (2) разработка технологической цепочки, в ходе которой будет сформирована рекристаллизованная равноосная структура β-фазы без следов иных фаз, поскольку элинварное поведение нового типа является структурно нечувствительным; (3) исследование структурно-фазового состояния сплавов с потенциально естественным элинварным поведением и установление закономерностей влияния размера зерна от количества легирующего элемента. <bold>Методы исследования.</bold> Объектом исследования являлись слитки элинварных сплавов Ti-22Nb-15Zr, Ti-40Nb, Ti-45Nb, Ti-50Nb, Ti-12,6Mo, Ti-15Mo и Ti-20Mo (ат. %). Слитки были выплавлены в электродуговой печи с вольфрамовым электродом. Затем образцы были подвержены термомеханической обработке по схеме: продольная горячая прокатка (истинная логарифмическая деформация е = 0,3), гомогенизационный отжиг, продольная холодная прокатка (истинная логарифмическая деформация е = 0,67) и последеформационный отжиг. Отжиги проводили при 1000 °С в течение 30 минут в аргоне с последующей закалкой в воде. Структурно-фазовое состояние образцов было исследовано методами оптической и электронной микроскопии, рентгенодифракционного анализа и энергодисперсионной спектроскопии. Средний размер зерна определяли методом случайных секущих. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Получены слитки стабильных β-титановых элинварных сплавов, которые характеризуются высокой степенью химической однородности и соответствием заданному составу по всему сечению. Установлено, что предложенный режим термомеханической обработки для данных сплавов приводит к формированию однофазной рекристаллизованной структуры, представленной равноосными зернами β-фазы. Показано, что во всех сплавах размер зерен варьируется от 22,6 ± 1,4 до 68,1 ± 3,7 мкм. В двойных сплавах систем Ti-Nb и Ti-Mo прослеживается уменьшение размера зерна при увеличении содержания Nb и Mo (для Nb: от 57,8 ± 3,3 до 22,6 ± 1,4 мкм при увеличении содержания ниобия на 10 ат. %; для Mo: от 68,1 ± 3,7 до 34,4 ± 2,0 мкм при увеличении содержания молибдена на 7,4 ат. %). Формирование рекристаллизованной равноосной структуры β-фазы по всему объему слитка в процессе комбинированной термомеханической обработки подтверждает потенциал использования данных сплавов в промышленном производстве.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Титановые сплавы</kwd><kwd>Элинварные сплавы</kwd><kwd>Термомеханическая обработка</kwd><kwd>Продольная прокатка</kwd><kwd>Холодная прокатка</kwd><kwd>Горячая прокатка</kwd><kwd>Структурообразование</kwd><kwd>Фазовый анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Titanium alloys</kwd><kwd>Elinvar alloys</kwd><kwd>Thermomechanical processing</kwd><kwd>Longitudinal rolling</kwd><kwd>Cold rolling</kwd><kwd>Hot rolling</kwd><kwd>Structure formation</kwd><kwd>Phase analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The present work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 25-73-10041, https://rscf.ru/project/25-73-10041/.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-73-10041, https://rscf.ru/project/25-73-10041/.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group><fn xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Финансирование</italic></p> <p>Исследование выполнено при поддержке гранта Российского научного фонда № 25-73-10041, https://rscf.ru/project/25-73-10041/.</p></fn><fn xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Funding</italic></p> <p>The present work was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 25-73-10041, https://rscf.ru/project/25-73-10041/.</p></fn></fn-group></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Scott H. 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