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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">424449</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.2-318-334</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Wear rate prediction of PVD hard coatings using a hybrid Taguchi–RSM–machine learning framework with SHAP-based interpretability</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Прогнозирование интенсивности изнашивания твёрдых PVD-покрытий с использованием гибридной модели Taguchi-RSM-ML с интерпретируемостью на основе SHAP-анализа</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9303-641X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patharkar</surname><given-names>Umesh Subhash</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патхаркар</surname><given-names>Умеш Субхаш</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><email>patharkarumeshsubhash@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4804-0720</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патил</surname><given-names>Сунил Аппарао</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Sunil Apparao</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>sakpatil967@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-8057</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56986482000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GXH-6114-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амбхоре</surname><given-names>Нитин</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ambhore</surname><given-names>Nitin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>nitin.ambhore@vit.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный инженерный колледж</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Government Engineering College</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Технологический институт Вишвакарма, филиал Университета Савитрибай Пхуле Пуны</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №2 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO2 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>318</fpage><lpage>334</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-02"><day>02</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Патхаркар У.С., Патил С.А., Амбхоре Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Patharkar U.S., Patil S.A., Ambhore N.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Патхаркар У.С., Патил С.А., Амбхоре Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Patharkar U.S., Patil S.A., Ambhore N.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424449">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/424449</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> The wear behaviour of physical vapour deposition (PVD) hard coatings is difficult to predict because of the nonlinear relationship between coating chemistry, deposition thickness, operating temperature, and applied contact load. Multi-dimensional parameter mapping through exhaustive experimentation is both time-consuming and costly. <bold>The purpose of the work</bold> is to implement a low-data hybrid architecture that combines Taguchi design, response surface methodology (RSM), and machine learning (ML) to predict and optimize wear performance based on a small dataset (<bold>n</bold> = 28). <bold>Methods. </bold>Three coating types – AlTiN, CrN, and TiC – were tested at temperature range of 40–50°C, contact load range of 5–15 N, and coating thickness range of 2–4 µm. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to identify the most influential parameter affecting wear. A predictive wear model was developed using response surface methodology. <bold>Results and discussion. </bold>ANOVA revealed that load and coating chemistry are the most influential factors affecting wear. Temperature and thickness were not found to be significant within the studied range. A RSM model was found statistically significant for predicting contact load and coating chemistry with <bold>R2</bold> = 0.901 (<bold>Adj-R2</bold> = 0.834, RMSE = 0.0076). Random forest (RF) had highest generalisation performance (<bold>CV R2</bold> = 0.755) and gradient boosting (GB) had the best foverall fit (<bold>R2</bold> = 0.913) among the ML models tested using five-fold cross-validation. SHAP analysis indicated that coating chemistry formed the major contribution, then contact load, and little temperature contribution. Gradient boosting optimisation indicated that AlTiN at 4 μm thickness, 15 N load and 50 °C are the preferred settings and the expected wear rate is 0.010823 (mm3/Nm). The proposed framework demonstrates credible, interpretable wear forecasting using limitted experimental data.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Поведение твердых покрытий, нанесенных методом физического осаждения из паровой фазы (PVD), трудно прогнозировать из-за нелинейной взаимосвязи между химическим составом покрытия, толщиной осажденного слоя, рабочей температурой и приложенной контактной нагрузкой. Многомерное картирование параметров с помощью исчерпывающих экспериментов требует значительных временных и финансовых затрат. <bold>Цель работы:</bold> реализовать гибридную архитектуру, работающую с небольшими объемами данных, которая объединяет планирование Taguchi, метод анализа поверхности отклика (RSM) и машинное обучение (ML) для прогнозирования и оптимизации износостойкости на основе небольшого набора данных (n = 28). <bold>Методы.</bold> Три типа покрытий – AlTiN, CrN и TiC – были испытаны в диапазоне температур 40…50 °C, диапазоне контактных нагрузок 5…15 Н и диапазоне толщины покрытия 2…4 мкм. Был проведен дисперсионный анализ (ANOVA) для выявления параметра, оказывающего наиболее сильное влияние на износ. С использованием метода анализа поверхности отклика разработана прогностическая модель износа. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Дисперсионный анализ показал, что нагрузка и химический состав покрытия являются факторами, оказывающими наиболее сильное влияние на износ. В исследованном диапазоне температура и толщина не были признаны значимыми факторами. RSM-модель оказалась статистически значимой для прогнозирования контактной нагрузки и химического состава покрытия с R2 = 0,901 (скорректированный R2 = 0,834, RMSE = 0,0076). Среди протестированных моделей машинного обучения с использованием пятикратной перекрестной проверки алгоритм случайного леса (RF) показал наивысшую обобщающую способность (CV R2 = 0,755), а градиентный бустинг (GB) – наилучшее общее соответствие (R2 = 0,913). SHAP-анализ показал, что основной вклад вносит химический состав покрытия, затем контактная нагрузка, а вклад температуры незначителен. Оптимизация с помощью градиентного бустинга показала, что AlTiN-покрытие с толщиной 4 мкм под контактной нагрузкой 15 Н и при температуре 50 °C проявляет себя наилучшим образом, при этом ожидаемая интенсивность износа составляет 0,010823 мм3/(Н·м). Предложенная структура демонстрирует достоверное и интерпретируемое прогнозирование износа с использованием ограниченных экспериментальных данных.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>PVD-покрытия</kwd><kwd>Износ</kwd><kwd>Методология поверхности отклика</kwd><kwd>Случайный лес</kwd><kwd>Градиентный бустинг</kwd><kwd>SHAP-анализ</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>PVD coatings</kwd><kwd>Wear</kwd><kwd>Response surface methodology</kwd><kwd>Random Forest</kwd><kwd>XGBoost</kwd><kwd>SHAP analysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Intelligent tool wear monitoring using XGBoost, SVR, and DNN models in NMQL environment / O. Almomani, B. Venkatesh, S.P. Chaudhary, A. Mishra, S. Sujai, S. Juneja, P. Pradhan, S.P. Venkatesan, A. Bhowmik, Y. 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