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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">462666</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-70-82</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JPEFGM</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHNOLOGY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of heat input during electron beam cladding on the formation of an aluminum bronze coating on stainless steel</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние тепловложения на формирование покрытия из алюминиевой бронзы на нержавеющей стали при электронно-лучевой наплавке</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-9729</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57139971000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">H-1025-2017</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6507-6164</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Елисеев</surname><given-names>Александр Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eliseev</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering)</p></bio><email>alan@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-0743</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57218921552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAT-3367-2021</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7100-8529</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панфилов</surname><given-names>Александр Олегович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panfilov</surname><given-names>Aleksander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p> junior researcher</p></bio><email>alexpl@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-7616</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57205202579</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">O-2525-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8152-2703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Воронцов</surname><given-names>Андрей Владимирович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vorontsov</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering)</p></bio><email>vav@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8779-3784</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57200495248</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">A-9990-2014</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4383-5807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зыкова</surname><given-names>Анна Петровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zykova</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. физ.-мат. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics)</p></bio><email>zykovaap@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-8232</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57385757100</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AFT-2893-2022</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8489-3280</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Черемнов</surname><given-names>Андрей Максимович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Cheremnov</surname><given-names>Andrey</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>младший научный сотрудник</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>juniour researcher</p></bio><email>amc@ispms.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Институт физики прочности и материаловедения им. В.Е. Панина СО РАН</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Panin Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science SB RAS</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №3 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO3 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>70</fpage><lpage>82</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-23"><day>23</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eliseev A.A., Panfilov A.O., Vorontsov A.V., Zykova A.P., Cheremnov A.M.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Елисеев А.А., Панфилов А.О., Воронцов А.В., Зыкова А.П., Черемнов А.М.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eliseev A.A., Panfilov A.O., Vorontsov A.V., Zykova A.P., Cheremnov A.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Елисеев А.А., Панфилов А.О., Воронцов А.В., Зыкова А.П., Черемнов А.М.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462666">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462666</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction. </bold>The relevance of this research is driven by the need to develop technologies for applying wear- and corrosion-resistant aluminum bronze coatings onto steel surfaces to reduce the weight and cost of components while maintaining their performance in aggressive environments such as seawater. Conventional deposition methods (e.g., brazing or electroplating) fail to provide sufficient adhesion and are unsuitable for tribological components, whereas high?energy techniques require precise control of heat input and alloy composition to prevent defect formation and the development of brittle intermetallic phases. <bold>The purpose of this study</bold> is to investigate the effect of heat input during electron beam cladding on the formation of a CuAl9Mn2 alloy coating on stainless steel. <bold>Materials and methods.</bold> This study employed the method of electron beam cladding of single droplets onto a steel substrate under three operating modes with different electron beam current: 30, 45, and 60 mA, corresponding to heat inputs of 135, 202, and 270 J/mm. Metallographic examination, X?ray diffraction analysis, energy?dispersive X?ray spectroscopy, and Vickers microhardness measurements were performed on the cross?sections of the deposited droplets. <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> It was established that with increasing heat input, the dilution ratio of the bronze by the steel increases from 2% to 59%, the penetration depth increases from 0.06 mm to 2.43 mm, and the microhardness rises from 156 HV to 343 HV. At low heat inputs, epitaxial growth of α-Cu is observed along with the presence of β'-Cu3Al and γ-Cu9Al4 phases, indicating rapid cooling. At high heat inputs, intensive melt mixing, elemental diffusion, and the formation of iron?containing inclusions occur, leading to the predominance of α-Cu, α-Fe, and γ-Fe phases and the suppression of the brittle γ?phase. The obtained results demonstrate that controlled dilution during electron beam cladding can be utilized for targeted alloying and strengthening of bronze coatings, ensuring high adhesion and improved mechanical properties without the formation of defects typical of other cladding methods.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки технологий нанесения износостойких и коррозионно-стойких покрытий из алюминиевой бронзы на стальные поверхности для снижения массы и стоимости изделий при сохранении эксплуатационных характеристик в агрессивных средах, таких как морская вода. Традиционные методы нанесения (например, пайка или гальваника) не обеспечивают достаточную адгезию и не подходят для трибологических узлов, тогда как высокоэнергетические методы требуют точного контроля тепловложения и состава сплава для предотвращения образования дефектов и хрупких интерметаллидных фаз. <bold>Целью работы</bold> является исследование влияния тепловложения при электронно-лучевой наплавке на формирование покрытия из сплава БрАМц9-2 на нержавеющей стали. <bold>Методология. </bold>В работе использован метод электронно-лучевой наплавки одиночных капель на стальную подложку при трёх режимах с различным током электронного пучка – 30, 45 и 60 мА (тепловложение 135, 202 и 270 Дж/мм). Проведены металлографический анализ, рентгенофазовый анализ, энергодисперсионная спектроскопия и измерение микротвёрдости по Виккерсу в поперечном сечении наплавленных капель. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Установлено, что с увеличением тепловложения степень разбавления бронзы сталью возрастает от 2 до 59 %, глубина проплавления – от 0,06 до 2,43 мм, а микротвёрдость – от HV 156 до HV 343. При низком тепловложении наблюдается эпитаксиальный рост α-Cu и наличие фаз β′-Cu3Al и γ-Cu9Al4, свидетельствующих о быстром охлаждении. При высоком тепловложении происходит интенсивное перемешивание расплавов, диффузия элементов и формирование железосодержащих включений, что приводит к доминированию фаз α-Cu, α-Fe и γ-Fe и подавлению хрупкой γ-фазы. Полученные результаты показывают, что контролируемое разбавление в условиях электронно-лучевой наплавки может быть использовано для целенаправленного легирования и упрочнения бронзовых покрытий, это обеспечивает высокую адгезию и улучшенные механические свойства без образования дефектов, характерных для других методов наплавки.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Алюминиевая бронза</kwd><kwd>Нержавеющая сталь</kwd><kwd>Электронно-лучевая наплавка</kwd><kwd>Микроструктура</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Aluminum bronze</kwd><kwd>Stainless steel</kwd><kwd>Electron beam cladding</kwd><kwd>Microstructure</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was performed according to the Government research assignment for ISPMS SB RAS, project FWRW-2024–0001.</funding-statement><award-group><funding-source><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="ru">Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации</institution></institution-wrap><institution-wrap><institution xml:lang="en">Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</institution></institution-wrap></funding-source><award-id>FWRW-2024-0001</award-id></award-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, тема номер FWRW-2024-0001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta><fn-group><fn xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Финансирование:</italic></p> <p>Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ИФПМ СО РАН, тема номер FWRW-2024-0001.</p></fn><fn xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Funding</italic></p> <p>This work was performed according to the Government research assignment for ISPMS SB RAS, project FWRW-2024–0001.</p></fn></fn-group></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao L., Du B., Yao J., Chen H., Ding R., Li K. 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