<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2 20190208//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.2/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">462671</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-167-184</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ. ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of deep cryogenic treatment duration on microstructure and tribological behaviour of WC-Co cutting tools</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние продолжительности глубокой криогенной обработки на микроструктуру и трибологические свойства режущих инструментов из WC-Co</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-3544</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">K-2243-2017</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джагтап</surname><given-names>Киранкумар</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Jagtap</surname><given-names>Kirankumar</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>k23.jagtap@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5329-9981</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дешмукх</surname><given-names>Равиндра</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Deshmukh</surname><given-names>Ravindra</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><email>rdeshmukh1@mgmu.ac.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерный колледж им. Джавахарлала Неру Университета MGM</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, MGM University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №3 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO3 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>167</fpage><lpage>184</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-06-15"><day>15</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Jagtap K., Deshmukh R.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Джагтап К., Дешмукх Р.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Jagtap K., Deshmukh R.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Джагтап К., Дешмукх Р.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462671">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462671</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Titanium machining is difficult because of its low thermal conductivity, high chemical affinity, and tendency to generate high cutting-zone temperatures, which accelerate tool wear and premature tool failure. WC-Co cutting tools are common to these applications; however, the degree of microstructural stability, the distribution and wear resistance of the cobalt binder play an important role in the performance. The effect of deep cryogenic treatment (DCT) soaking time on the tribological properties and the microstructure of WC-Co end mill cutting tools is investigated in the present study. <bold>Materials and methods.</bold> WC-Co tools were examined under three conditions: untreated (UT), 24 h DCT, and 36 h DCT. The cryogenic treatment was carried out at −196°C with subsequent slow temperature increase and tempering at 150°C for 2 h. To assess tungsten carbide grain distribution, cobalt binder phase continuity and porosity, the microstructural characteristics were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Tribological performance was evaluated using a Ducom tribometer in accordance with ASTM G133, with wear loss and coefficient of friction as the primary measurement parameters. <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> The 24 h DCT sample exhibited the most uniform and fine-grained WC structure, a more uniform distribution of the cobalt binder than the untreated sample, and lower porosity than the 36 h DCT sample. This microstructural enhancement led to the lowest COF of 0.33 and minimum wear loss of 0.138 g. The coefficient of friction for the untreated sample was 0.40, which was higher than that of the treated samples, while the wear loss for the untreated sample was 0.176 g. The 36 h DCT sample exhibited intermediate values of the coefficient of friction (0.37) and wear loss (0.157 g); thus, the beneficial effect of cryogenic treatment may be lessened with prolonged soaking time because of the development of defects and microstructural non-uniformity. <bold>Conclusions.</bold> The 24 h DCT soaking time was determined to be the optimal condition to improve the microstructural stability, friction reduction, and wear resistance of WC-Co cutting tools. The results are helpful for determining the parameters for the cryogenic treatment of WC-Co cutting tools for use in difficult-to-machine materials like titanium.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Обработка титана сопряжена с трудностями, обусловленными его низкой теплопроводностью, высокой химической активностью и склонностью к интенсивному тепловыделению в зоне резания, что ускоряет износ инструмента и приводит к его преждевременному разрушению. Режущие инструменты из WC-Co широко применяются в подобных условиях; при этом микроструктурная стабильность, характер распределения связующего кобальта и его износостойкость в значительной мере определяют эксплуатационные характеристики инструмента. В настоящей работе исследовано влияние продолжительности выдержки при глубокой криогенной обработке (ГКО) на трибологические свойства и микроструктуру концевых фрез из WC-Co. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Инструменты из WC-Co изучались в трех состояниях: без обработки, после ГКО в течение 24 ч и после ГКО в течение 36 ч. Криогенную обработку проводили при −196 °C с последующим отпуском при 150 °C в течение 2 ч. Микроструктуру оценивали методами оптической микроскопии (ОМ), растровой электронной микроскопии (РЭМ) и энергодисперсионной спектроскопии (ЭДС) с акцентом на распределение зерен карбида вольфрама, непрерывность кобальтовой связки и пористость. Трибологические испытания выполняли на трибометре Ducom по стандарту ASTM G133; основными измеряемыми параметрами служили потери материала в процессе изнашивания и коэффициент трения. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Образец после 24-часовой ГКО показал наиболее равномерную мелкозернистую структуру WC, более гомогенное распределение кобальтовой связки по сравнению с необработанным образцом и меньшую пористость по сравнению с образцом после 36-часовой обработки. Указанные микроструктурные изменения обеспечили минимальные значения коэффициента трения (0,33) и потери материала в процессе изнашивания (0,138 г). Для необработанного образца коэффициент трения составил 0,40, потеря материала – 0,176 г, что выше соответствующих показателей обработанных образцов. Образец после 36-часовой ГКО занял промежуточное положение (коэффициент трения 0,37, потеря материала 0,157 г), это позволяет предположить снижение положительного эффекта криогенной обработки при увеличении продолжительности выдержки вследствие развития дефектов и микроструктурной неоднородности. <bold>Заключение</bold>. Установлено, что выдержка 24 ч является оптимальным режимом глубокой криогенной обработки для повышения микроструктурной стабильности, снижения трения и увеличения износостойкости режущих инструментов из WC-Co. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы для обоснованного выбора параметров криогенной обработки инструментов из WC-Co, применяемых при обработке труднообрабатываемых материалов, в частности титана.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>WC-Co cutting tools</kwd><kwd>Deep cryogenic treatment</kwd><kwd>Cryogenic soaking duration</kwd><kwd>Tungsten carbide</kwd><kwd>Tool wear</kwd><kwd>Coefficient of friction</kwd><kwd>Tribological performance</kwd><kwd>SEM–EDS analysis</kwd><kwd>Microstructural refinement</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Твёрдосплавный режущий инструмент WC-Co</kwd><kwd>Глубокая криогенная обработка</kwd><kwd>Продолжительность криогенной выдержки</kwd><kwd>Карбид вольфрама</kwd><kwd>Износ инструмента</kwd><kwd>Коэффициент трения</kwd><kwd>Трибологические характеристики</kwd><kwd>СЭМ-ЭДС-анализ</kwd><kwd>Измельчение микроструктуры</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Celik O.N., Sert A., Gasan H., Ulutan M. Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and the wear behavior of WC–Co end mills for machining of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2018, vol. 95 (5–8), p. 2989–2999. DOI: 10.1007/S00170-017-1444-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of cryogenic treatment on the microstructure and the wear behavior of WC–Co end mills for machining of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy / O.N. Celik, A. Sert, H. Gasan, M. Ulutan // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. – 2018. – Vol. 95 (5–8). – P. 2989–2999. – DOI: 10.1007/S00170-017-1444-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li B., Zhang S., Zhang T., Zhang J. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and machining performances of coated carbide tool. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019, vol. 41 (1). DOI: 10.1007/S40430-018-1533-6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and machining performances of coated carbide tool / B. Li, S. Zhang, T. Zhang, J. Zhang // Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. – 2019. – Vol. 41 (1). – DOI: 10.1007/S40430-018-1533-6.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Xie C.H., Huang J.W., Tang Y.F., Gu L.N. Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of WC–11Co cemented carbides with various carbon contents. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 2015, vol. 25 (9), pp. 3023–3028. DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63929-2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effects of deep cryogenic treatment on microstructure and properties of WC–11Co cemented carbides with various carbon contents / C.H. Xie, J.W. Huang, Y.F. Tang, L.N. Gu // Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. – 2015. – Vol. 25 (9). – P. 3023–3028. – DOI: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63929-2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sivalingam V., Sun J., Selvam B., Murugasen P.K., Yang B. Experimental investigation of tool wear in cryogenically treated insert during end milling of hard Ti alloy. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2019, vol. 41 (2). DOI: 10.1007/S40430-019-1612-3.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Experimental investigation of tool wear in cryogenically treated insert during end milling of hard Ti alloy / V. Sivalingam, J. Sun, B. Selvam, P.K. Murugasen, B. Yang, S. Waqar // Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. – 2019. – Vol. 41 (2). – DOI: 10.1007/S40430-019-1612-3.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhople N., Mastud S., Mittal R.K. Metallurgical and machining performance aspects of cryotreated tungsten carbide micro end mill cutters. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, 2022, vol. 237 (3), pp. 492–502. DOI: 10.1177/09544054221101765.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhople N., Mastud S., Mittal R.K. Metallurgical and machining performance aspects of cryotreated tungsten carbide micro end mill cutters // Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture. – 2022. – Vol. 237 (3). – P. 492–502. – DOI: 10.1177/09544054221101765.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mastud S., Bhople N., Mittal R.K. Performance analysis of uncoated, TiN coated and cryotreated micro tungsten carbide tools while micromilling of Ti–6Al–4V. International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials, 2022, vol. 24 (1–2), pp. 110–131. DOI: 10.1504/IJMMM.2022.10044694.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mastud S., Bhople N., Mittal R.K. Performance analysis of uncoated, TiN coated and cryotreated micro tungsten carbide tools while micromilling of Ti–6Al–4V // International Journal of Machining and Machinability of Materials. – 2022. – Vol. 24 (1–2). – P. 110–131. – DOI: 10.1504/IJMMM.2022.10044694.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kursuncu B. Influence of cryogenic heat treatment soaking period and temperature on performance of sintered carbide cutting tools in milling of Inconel 718. International Journal of Refractory Metals &amp; Hard Materials, 2020, vol. 92. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105323.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kursuncu B. Influence of cryogenic heat treatment soaking period and temperature on performance of sintered carbide cutting tools in milling of Inconel 718 // International Journal of Refractory Metals &amp; Hard Materials. – 2020. – Vol. 92. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105323.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arunkarthikeyan K., Balamurugan K., Rao P.M.V. Studies on cryogenically treated WC–Co insert at different soaking conditions. Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2020, vol. 35 (5), pp. 545–555. DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2020.1726945.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arunkarthikeyan K., Balamurugan K., Rao P.M.V. Studies on cryogenically treated WC–Co insert at different soaking conditions // Materials and Manufacturing Processes. – 2020. – Vol. 35 (5). – P. 545–555. – DOI: 10.1080/10426914.2020.1726945.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Varghese V., Ramesh M., Chakradhar D. Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on performance of cemented carbide (WC–Co) inserts during dry end milling of maraging steel. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2019, vol. 37, pp. 242–250. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.11.030.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Varghese V., Ramesh M., Chakradhar D. Influence of deep cryogenic treatment on performance of cemented carbide (WC–Co) inserts during dry end milling of maraging steel // Journal of Manufacturing Processes. – 2019. – Vol. 37. – P. 242–250. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.11.030.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sahoo B.N., Mohanty A., Gangopadhyay S., Vipindas K. An insight into microstructure and machining performance of deep cryogenically treated cemented carbide inserts. Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 2020,b vol. 58, pp. 819–831. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.001.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">An insight into microstructure and machining performance of deep cryogenically treated cemented carbide inserts / B.N. Sahoo, A. Mohanty, S. Gangopadhyay, K. Vipindas // Journal of Manufacturing Processes. – 2020. – Vol. 58. – P. 819–831. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jmapro.2020.09.001.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Arunkarthikeyan K., Balamurugan K. Studies on the impact of soaking time on a cryogenic processed and post-tempered WC–Co insert. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2021, vol. 44, pp. 1692–1699. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.869.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Arunkarthikeyan K., Balamurugan K. Studies on the impact of soaking time on a cryogenic processed and post-tempered WC–Co insert // Materials Today: Proceedings. – 2021. – Vol. 44. – P. 1692–1699. – DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.869.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinnasamy M., Rathanasamy R., Palaniappan N., Pal S.K. Microstructural transformation analysis of cryogenic treated conical rock cutting bits for mining applications. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2022, vol. 110. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105995.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Microstructural transformation analysis of cryogenic treated conical rock cutting bits for mining applications / M. Chinnasamy, R. Rathanasamy, S.K. Palaniappan, S.K. Pal // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. – 2022. – Vol. 110. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2022.105995.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ozbek N. Effects of cryogenic treatment types on the performance of coated tungsten tools in the turning of AISI H11 steel. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, vol. 9, pp. 9442–9456. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.03.038.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ozbek N. Effects of cryogenic treatment types on the performance of coated tungsten tools in the turning of AISI H11 steel // Journal of Materials Research and Technology. – 2020. – Vol. 9. – P. 9442–9456. – DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.03.038.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mukkoti V.V., Sankaraiah G., Yohan M. Effect of cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools on cutting force and power consumption in CNC milling process. Production &amp; Manufacturing Research, 2018, vol. 6, pp. 149–170. DOI: 10.1080/21693277.2018.1436011.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mukkoti V.V., Sankaraiah G., Yohan M. Effect of cryogenic treatment of tungsten carbide tools on cutting force and power consumption in CNC milling process // Production &amp; Manufacturing Research. – 2018. – Vol. 6. – P. 149–170. – DOI: 10.1080/21693277.2018.1436011.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akıncıoğlu S., Gökkaya H., Uygur İ. The effects of cryogenic-treated carbide tools on tool wear and surface roughness of turning of Hastelloy C22 based on Taguchi method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016, vol. 82, pp. 303–314. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-015-7356-z.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ak?nc?oglu S., Gökkaya H., Uygur I. The effects of cryogenic-treated carbide tools on tool wear and surface roughness of turning of Hastelloy C22 based on Taguchi method // The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. – 2016. – Vol. 82. – P. 303–314. – DOI: 10.1007/s00170-015-7356-z.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sasi J.C., Mathew J., George A., Kuriachen B., Dhanish P.B. Wear behaviour of deep cryogenically treated coated tool during end milling. SSRN, 2024. DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4703707.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wear behaviour of deep cryogenically treated coated tool during end milling / J.C. Sasi, J. Mathew, A. George, B. Kuriachen, P.B. Dhanish // SSRN. – 2024. – DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.4703707.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinnasamy M., Samanta B., Kumar R., Rathanasamy R. Next-generation tungsten carbide cutting bits through cryogenic treatment technique for superior rock cutting performance: An experimental study. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2024, vol. 125. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Next-generation tungsten carbide cutting bits through cryogenic treatment technique for superior rock cutting performance: An experimental study / M.P. Chinnasamy, B. Samanta, R. Kumar, R. Rathanasamy // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. – 2024. – Vol. 125. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2024.106923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Prem Chand R., Reddy T.V.S., Anjinappa C., Omprakash B., Razak A., Wodajo A.W. Impact of cryogenic treatment on the performance of coated tungsten carbide inserts during machining of EN24 grade alloy steel. Engineering Reports, 2024, vol. 6, p. e12839. DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12839.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Impact of cryogenic treatment on the performance of coated tungsten carbide inserts during machining of EN24 grade alloy steel / R. Prem Chand, T.V.S. Reddy, C. Anjinappa, B. Omprakash, A. Razak, A.W. Wodajo // Engineering Reports. – 2024. – Vol. 6. – P. e12839. – DOI: 10.1002/eng2.12839.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Biermann J., Bień C.E., Lechte C., Kanzow P., Wiegand A. Dentin bond strength of dental adhesives functionalized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes. Materials, 2024, vol. 17 (6), p. 1321. DOI: 10.3390/ma17061321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dentin bond strength of dental adhesives functionalized with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes / J. Biermann, C.E. Bien, C. Lechte, P. Kanzow, A. Wiegand // Materials. – 2024. – Vol. 17 (6). – P. 1321. – DOI: 10.3390/ma17061321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Premjarunan S., Chindaprasirt P., Chaysuwan D. Study on the effects of cryogenic treatment on WC–Co cemented carbides. Metals, 2025, vol. 15 (3), p. 297. DOI: 10.3390/met15030297.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Premjarunan S., Chindaprasirt P., Chaysuwan D. Study on the effects of cryogenic treatment on WC–Co cemented carbides // Metals. – 2025. – Vol. 15 (3). – P. 297. – DOI: 10.3390/met15030297.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mao P., Peng J., Chen K., Zhou C., Gao J., Zhang X., Xiao X., Wu X., Peng R. Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Co composite. International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials, 2026, vol. 134, p. 107429. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107429.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of deep cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of ultrafine WC-Co composite / P. Mao, J. Peng, K. Chen, C. Zhou, J. Gao, X. Zhang, X. Xiao, X. Wu, R. Peng // International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials. – 2026. – Vol. 134. – P. 107429. – DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2025.107429.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gao Y., Wang Y., Chen Z. The effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of coated cemented carbide tools. Materials Today Communications, 2025, vol. 42, p. 110245. DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.110245.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gao Y., Wang Y., Chen Z. The effect of cryogenic treatment on the mechanical properties of coated cemented carbide tools // Materials Today Communications. – 2025. – Vol. 42. – P. 110245. – DOI: 10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.110245.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chinnasamy M., Rathanasamy R., Palaniappan S.K., Pal S.K., Muthuswamy P., Korrayi R.R., Uddin M.E. Microstructural and tribological characterization of cryogenic treated WC–Co cutting bits under different holding times for rock cutting applications. Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2024, vol. 33, pp. 4933–4950. DOI: 10.1007/s11665-023-08291-9.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Microstructural and tribological characterization of cryogenic treated WC–Co cutting bits under different holding times for rock cutting applications / M. Chinnasamy, R. Rathanasamy, S.K. Palaniappan, S.K. Pal, P. Muthuswamy, R.R. Korrayi, M.E. Uddin // Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance. – 2024. – Vol. 33. – P. 4933–4950. – DOI: 10.1007/s11665-023-08291-9.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
