Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material ScienceObrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material ScienceОбработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)1994-63092541-819XНовосибирский государственный технический университет46267210.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-185-204MATERIAL SCIENCEМАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕResearch ArticleStructural characterization of graphene-coated copper substrate prepared by scalable In-Situ spray coating using xylene dispersionСтруктурные исследования графенового покрытия на медной подложке, полученного методом масштабируемого распыления из ксилольной дисперсииhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-0230-2030ГириСудхакар ВиттхалраоGiriSudhakar Vitthalrao
India

канд. техн. наук

D.Sc. (Engineering)

sudhavgiri@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-053256206386500АутиАрунAuteeArun
India

канд. техн. наук, доцент

D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor

arun.autee@mit.asiahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0593-614557209851817КадамАбхиджитKadamAbhijeet
India

канд. техн. наук

D.Sc. (Engineering)

arkadam6@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5329-1118ШиндеРаджендраShindeRajendra
India

канд. техн. наук, доцент

D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor

rajendrashinde2222@gmail.comУниверситет им. доктора Бабасахеба Амбедкара в МаратхвадеDr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada UniversityКафедра машиностроения, Инженерный колледж им. Чхатрапати Шаху Махараджа Образовательного фонда CSMSSDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, CSMSS Chhatrapati Shahu College of EngineeringMaharashtra Institute of TechnologyМахараштринский технологический институтDepartment of Physics, CSMSS Chhatrapati Shahu College of EngineeringКафедра физики, Инженерный колледж им. Чхатрапати Шаху Махараджа Образовательного фонда CSMSSruen283ТОМ 28, №3 (2026)VOL 28, NO3 (2026)18520424052026Copyright ©; 2026, Giri S.V., Autee A., Kadam A., Shinde R.Copyright ©; 2026, Гири С.В., Аути А., Кадам А., Шинде Р.2026Giri S.V., Autee A., Kadam A., Shinde R.Гири С.В., Аути А., Кадам А., Шинде Р.https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462672

Introduction. Graphene exhibits exceptional thermal conductivity, hydrophobicity, mechanical strength, and electron transport properties, which render it a candidate material for advanced thermal management and heat transfer applications. However, conventional deposition techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD), are often expensive, technologically complex, and difficult to scale for large-area engineering applications. The present study is focused on the development of a simple, cost-effective, and scalable in-situ spray-coating technique for depositing graphene onto copper substrates using a xylene-based dispersion system. Materials and methods. A stable sprayable graphene dispersion was prepared from graphene synthesized using the modified Hummers method and dispersed in a mixture of xylene, isopropanol, epoxy binder, and suspension agents. The coating was deposited onto copper substrates under controlled conditions. Structural and surface characterization of the graphene-coated copper substrate was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The graphene layer thickness and interlayer spacing were estimated using Bragg's law and the Scherrer equation. Results and Discussion. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of few-layer graphene with an interlayer spacing of 3.37 Å and an estimated thickness corresponding to approximately 5–6 graphene layers. Raman spectroscopy revealed the characteristic D, G, and 2D bands, confirming successful graphene deposition on the copper substrate. The ID/IG ratio decreased from 2.1 for the as-received graphene powder to 0.85 after coating deposition, indicating preferential deposition of better-dispersed graphene sheets. FTIR analysis suggested Cu–O–C interfacial interactions between graphene and copper. SEM observations revealed uniformly distributed wrinkled graphene sheets forming interconnected conductive pathways across the substrate surface. The crystallographic structure of copper remained unchanged after coating, and no secondary phases were detected. Conclusions. The developed xylene-assisted spray-coating process provides a practical and scalable route for depositing graphene on copper substrates. The resulting coating exhibited an interlayer spacing of 3.37 Å, approximately 5–6 graphene layers, characteristic graphene Raman signatures, and a uniform surface morphology. These findings demonstrate the potential of graphene-coated copper substrates for advanced thermal management systems, including condensers, evaporators, phase-change heat exchangers, and high-performance heat-transfer surfaces.

Введение. Графен обладает исключительной теплопроводностью, гидрофобностью, механической прочностью и высокой подвижностью носителей заряда, что делает его перспективным материалом для систем терморегулирования и теплообмена. Однако традиционные методы нанесения, такие как химическое осаждение из газовой фазы (CVD), часто являются дорогостоящими, технологически сложными и трудно масштабируемыми для крупногабаритных инженерных приложений. Настоящее исследование направлено на разработку простого, экономически эффективного и масштабируемого метода in situ напыления для нанесения графенового покрытия на медные подложки с применением ксилольной дисперсионной системы. Материалы и методы. Для получения стабильной распыляемой дисперсии графена использовали графен, синтезированный по модифицированному методу Хаммерса и диспергированный в смеси ксилола, изопропанола, эпоксидного связующего и суспендирующих агентов. Покрытие наносили на медные подложки в контролируемых условиях. Структурные и поверхностные характеристики графенового покрытия на медной подложке исследовали с помощью рентгенофазового анализа (РФА), рамановской спектроскопии, инфракрасной спектроскопии с преобразованием Фурье (ИК-Фурье) и растровой электронной микроскопии (РЭМ). Толщина слоя графена и межплоскостное расстояние оценивались с использованием закона Брэгга и уравнения Шеррера. Результаты и обсуждение. Рентгенофазовый анализ (РФА) подтвердил формирование малослойного графена с межплоскостным расстоянием 3,37 Å и расчетной толщиной, соответствующей приблизительно 5-6 слоям графена. Рамановская спектроскопия выявила характерные D-, G- и 2D-полосы, подтверждающие успешное нанесение графенового покрытия на медную подложку. Отношение ID/IG снизилось с 2,1 для исходного графенового порошка до 0,85 после нанесения покрытия, что указывает на преимущественное осаждение лучше диспергированных графеновых листов. ИК-Фурье-анализ показал наличие межфазных взаимодействий Cu–O–C между графеном и медью. Данные РЭМ выявили равномерно распределенные морщинистые графеновые листы, образующие взаимосвязанные проводящие пути по поверхности подложки. Кристаллографическая структура меди осталась неизменной после нанесения покрытия, вторичные фазы не обнаружены. Заключение. Разработанный метод напыления с использованием ксилольной дисперсии представляет собой практичный и масштабируемый способ нанесения графенового покрытия на медные подложки. Полученное покрытие продемонстрировало межплоскостное расстояние 3,37 Å, приблизительно 5-6 графеновых слоев, характерные рамановские сигнатуры графена и однородную морфологию поверхности. Результаты настоящей работы подтверждают потенциал графеновых покрытий на медных подложках для применения в системах терморегулирования, включая конденсаторы, испарители, теплообменники с фазовым переходом и высокоэффективные теплообменные поверхности.

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