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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Obrabotka Metallov / Metal Working and Material Science</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Обработка металлов (технология • оборудование • инструменты)</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1994-6309</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2541-819X</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Новосибирский государственный технический университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">462679</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17212/1994-6309-2026-28.3-331-344</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATERIAL SCIENCE</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕРИАЛОВЕДЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Investigation of the effect of additive manufacturing process parameters on the fabrication of a 3D-printed talus bone prototype</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Исследование влияния параметров процесса аддитивного производства на изготовление 3D-печатного прототипа таранной кости</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-1841</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56335664600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агравал</surname><given-names>Девендра</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agrawal</surname><given-names>Devendra</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>dpagrawal@engg.svpm.org.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-6038</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Патил</surname><given-names>Сушил</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Patil</surname><given-names>Sushil</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><email>sspatil@engg.svpm.org.in</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8468-8057</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56986482000</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">GXH-6114-2022</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Амбхор</surname><given-names>Нитин</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ambhore</surname><given-names>Nitin</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>nitin.ambhore@vit.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1312-2619</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">36462257600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вашимкар</surname><given-names>Динеш</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Washimkar</surname><given-names>Dinesh</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. техн. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph.D. (Engineering), Professor</p></bio><email>dinesh.washimkar@vit.edu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8547-9484</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агравал</surname><given-names>Дхрув</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Agrawal</surname><given-names>Dhroov</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="IN">India</country></address><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><email>dhroovagrawal109@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Инженерный колледж С.В.П.М., Малегаон (Бк.), Университет Савитрибаи Пхуле</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Mechanical Engineering, S.V.P.M’S College of Engineering Malegaon (Bk.), SPPU</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кафедра машиностроения, Технологический институт Вишвакармы, Университет Савитрибай Пхуле</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Savitribai Phule Pune University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медицинский колледж KD</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Department of Bachelor of Medicine &amp; Bachelor of Surgery, KD Medical College</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><content-language>ru</content-language><content-language>en</content-language><volume>28</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 28, №3 (2026)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 28, NO3 (2026)</issue-title><fpage>331</fpage><lpage>344</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-05-28"><day>28</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Agrawal D., Patil S., Ambhore N., Washimkar D., Agrawal D.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Агравал Д., Патил С., Амбхоре Н., Вашимкар Д., Агравал Д.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agrawal D., Patil S., Ambhore N., Washimkar D., Agrawal D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агравал Д., Патил С., Амбхоре Н., Вашимкар Д., Агравал Д.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462679">https://journals.rcsi.science/1994-6309/article/view/462679</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Introduction.</bold> Additive manufacturing, and in particular fused deposition modelling (FDM), enables the fabrication of geometrically complex parts without dedicated tooling, which is especially valuable for patient-specific biomedical devices. The mechanical performance of polylactic acid (PLA) parts, however, depends strongly on the combination of printing parameters, and the available data on the joint influence of layer thickness, nozzle temperature, and material flow rate on the full set of strength characteristics remain fragmentary, which complicates process selection for anatomical prototypes. The aim of this work is to determine the optimum combination of FDM printing parameters for PLA parts that maximizes the integrated strength response, and to fabricate, using the identified settings, a full-scale patient-specific prototype of the human talus bone from computed tomography data. <bold>Materials and methods.</bold> A Taguchi L27 orthogonal array was implemented with three levels of layer thickness (0.1–0.3 mm), nozzle temperature (190–210 °C), and material flow rate (95–105%). Tensile strength and Young's modulus were determined in accordance with ASTM D638–22 on a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 5 mm/min; specific fracture energy (toughness) was measured according to ASTM D256–23 using a notched Izod pendulum impact tester. The significance of the factors was evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multi-response optimization was performed by grey relational analysis (GRA). The geometry of the fabricated prototype was inspected on a coordinate measuring machine. <bold>Results and discussion.</bold> Material flow rate was found to be the dominant factor for tensile strength (contribution of 50.3 %) and for toughness (92.9%), whereas Young's modulus is governed primarily by layer thickness. The highest grey relational grade (0.853) was obtained at a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a nozzle temperature of 210 °C, and a flow rate of 105%. The dimensional deviations of the fabricated prototype from the CT data did not exceed 0.2 mm, which confirms its suitability as a master model for the subsequent manufacture of an implant from a biocompatible material.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение.</bold> Аддитивное производство, в частности моделирование методом наплавления (FDM), позволяет изготавливать геометрически сложные детали без специальной оснастки, что особенно ценно для создания персонализированных медицинских изделий. Однако механические характеристики деталей из полимолочной кислоты (PLA) сильно зависят от сочетания параметров печати, а имеющиеся данные о совместном влиянии толщины слоя, температуры сопла и скорости потока материала на всю совокупность прочностных характеристик остаются фрагментарными, что затрудняет выбор режимов для анатомических прототипов. <bold>Цель работы</bold> – определить оптимальное сочетание параметров FDM-печати для деталей из PLA, обеспечивающее максимальный комплексный прочностной отклик, и изготовить по выявленным режимам полноразмерный персонализированный прототип таранной кости человека на основе данных компьютерной томографии. <bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Реализована ортогональная матрица Taguchi L27 с тремя уровнями толщины слоя (0,1…0,3 мм), температуры сопла (190…210 °C) и скорости потока материала (95…105 %). Предел прочности при растяжении и модуль Юнга определяли в соответствии со стандартом ASTM D638?22 на универсальной испытательной машине при скорости траверсы 5 мм/мин; удельную энергию разрушения (вязкость) измеряли по стандарту ASTM D256?23 на маятниковом копре с надрезанными образцами по схеме Изода. Значимость факторов оценивали с помощью дисперсионного анализа (ANOVA), многоцелевую оптимизацию выполняли методом серого реляционного анализа (GRA). Геометрию изготовленного прототипа контролировали на координатно-измерительной машине. <bold>Результаты и обсуждение.</bold> Установлено, что доминирующим фактором для предела прочности при растяжении является скорость потока материала (вклад 50,3 %), для вязкости – также скорость потока (92,9 %), тогда как модуль Юнга определяется преимущественно толщиной слоя. Наивысший серый реляционный ранг (0,853) получен при толщине слоя 0,1 мм, температуре сопла 210 °C и скорости потока 105 %. Отклонения размеров изготовленного прототипа от данных КТ не превысили 0,2 мм, что подтверждает его пригодность в качестве мастер?модели для последующего изготовления имплантата из биосовместимого материала.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>Аддитивное производство</kwd><kwd>Моделирование методом наплавления (FDM)</kwd><kwd>Полимолочная кислота (PLA)</kwd><kwd>Таранная кость</kwd><kwd>Серый реляционный анализ (GRA)</kwd><kwd>Прототип</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>Additive manufacturing</kwd><kwd>Fused deposition modeling</kwd><kwd>Polylactic acid</kwd><kwd>Talus bone</kwd><kwd>Grey relational analysis</kwd><kwd>Prototype</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chunxu L., Pisignano D., Zhao Y., Xue J. Advances in medical applications of additive manufacturing. 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