Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 3 EDITORIAL COUNCIL EDITORIAL BOARD EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Anatoliy A. Bataev, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Rector, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation DEPUTIES EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Vladimir V. Ivancivsky, D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Vadim Y. Skeeba, Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor, Department of Industrial Machinery Design, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation Editor of the English translation: Elena A. Lozhkina, Ph.D. (Engineering), Department of Material Science in Mechanical Engineering, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation The journal is issued since 1999 Publication frequency – 4 numbers a year Data on the journal are published in «Ulrich's Periodical Directory» Journal “Obrabotka Metallov” (“Metal Working and Material Science”) has been Indexed in Clarivate Analytics Services. Novosibirsk State Technical University, Prospekt K. Marksa, 20, Novosibirsk, 630073, Russia Tel.: +7 (383) 346-17-75 http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov E-mail: metal_working@mail.ru; metal_working@corp.nstu.ru Journal “Obrabotka Metallov – Metal Working and Material Science” is indexed in the world's largest abstracting bibliographic and scientometric databases Web of Science and Scopus. Journal “Obrabotka Metallov” (“Metal Working & Material Science”) has entered into an electronic licensing relationship with EBSCO Publishing, the world's leading aggregator of full text journals, magazines and eBooks. The full text of JOURNAL can be found in the EBSCOhost™ databases. WEB OF SCIENCE
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 4 EDITORIAL COUNCIL EDITORIAL COUNCIL CHAIRMAN: Nikolai V. Pustovoy, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, President, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation MEMBERS: The Federative Republic of Brazil: Alberto Moreira Jorge Junior, Dr.-Ing., Full Professor; Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos The Federal Republic of Germany: Moniko Greif, Dr.-Ing., Professor, Hochschule RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Russelsheim Florian Nürnberger, Dr.-Ing., Chief Engineer and Head of the Department “Technology of Materials”, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen; Thomas Hassel, Dr.-Ing., Head of Underwater Technology Center Hanover, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Garbsen The Spain: Andrey L. Chuvilin, Ph.D. (Physics and Mathematics), Ikerbasque Research Professor, Head of Electron Microscopy Laboratory “CIC nanoGUNE”, San Sebastian The Republic of Belarus: Fyodor I. Panteleenko, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, First Vice-Rector, Corresponding Member of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Belarusian National Technical University, Minsk The Ukraine: Sergiy V. Kovalevskyy, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Vice Rector for Research and Academic Affairs, Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kramatorsk The Russian Federation: Vladimir G. Atapin, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk; Victor P. Balkov, Deputy general director, Research and Development Tooling Institute “VNIIINSTRUMENT”, Moscow; Vladimir A. Bataev, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk; Vladimir G. Burov, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk; Aleksandr N. Gerasenko, Director, Scientifi c and Production company “Mashservispribor”, Novosibirsk; Aleksandr N. Korotkov, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Kuzbass State Technical University, Kemerovo; Evgeniy A. Kudryashov, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Southwest State University, Kursk; Dmitry V. Lobanov, D.Sc. (Engineering), Associate Professor, I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary; Aleksey V. Makarov, D.Sc. (Engineering), Corresponding Member of RAS, Head of division, Head of laboratory (Laboratory of Mechanical Properties) M.N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences (Ural Branch), Yekaterinburg; Aleksandr G. Ovcharenko, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Biysk Technological Institute, Biysk; Yuriy N. Saraev, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Institute of Strength Physics and Materials Science, Russian Academy of Sciences (Siberian Branch), Tomsk; Alexander S. Yanyushkin, D.Sc. (Engineering), Professor, I.N. Ulianov Chuvash State University, Cheboksary
Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 5 CONTENTS OBRABOTKAMETALLOV TECHNOLOGY Ryaboshuk S.V., Kovalev P.V. Analysis of the reasons for the formation of defects in the 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti steel billets and development of recommendations for its elimination............................................................... 6 Lapshin V.P., Moiseev D.V. Determination of the optimal metal processing mode when analyzing the dynamics of cutting control systems................................................................................................................... 16 Gimadeev M.R., Li A.A., Berkun V.O., Stelmakov V.A. Experimental study of the dynamics of the machining process by ball-end mills.................................................................................................................. 44 Bratan S.M., Chasovitina A.S. Simulation of the relationship between input factors and output indicators of the internal grinding process, considering the mutual vibrations of the tool and the workpiece................... 57 EQUIPMENT. INSTRUMENTS Podgornyj Yu.I., KirillovA.V., Skeeba V.Yu., Martynova T.G., Lobanov D.V., Martyushev N.V. Synthesis of the drive mechanism of the continuous production machine......................................................................... 71 Lobanov D.V., Rafanova O.S. Methodology for criteria analysis of multivariant system................................ 85 MATERIAL SCIENCE Sokolov A.G., Bobylyov E.E., Popov R.A. Diffusion coatings formation features, obtained by complex chemical-thermal treatment on the structural steels............................................................................................ 98 Filippov A.V., Khoroshko E.S., Shamarin N.N., Kolubaev E.A., Tarasov S.Yu. Study of the properties of silicon bronze-based alloys printed using electron beam additive manufacturing technology................... 110 Lysykh S.A., Kornopoltsev V.N., Mishigdorzhiyn U.L., Kharaev Yu.P., Tikhonov A.G., Ivancivsky V.V., Vakhrushev N.V. The effect of borocoppering duration on the composition, microstructure and microhardness of the surface of carbon and alloy steels............................................................................................................. 131 EDITORIALMATERIALS 149 FOUNDERS MATERIALS 159 CONTENTS
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 Diffusion coatings formation features, obtained by complex chemical-thermal treatment on the structural steels Aleksandr Sokolov a, Eduard Bobylyov b, *, Roman Popov c Kuban State Technological University, 2 Moskovskaya st., Krasnodar, 350072, Russian Federation a https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8105-1429, sag51@bk.ru; b https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-1807, ebobylev@mail.ru; с https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-5018, popov-romanya@yandex.ru Obrabotka metallov - Metal Working and Material Science Journal homepage: http://journals.nstu.ru/obrabotka_metallov Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science. 2023 vol. 25 no. 1 pp. 98–109 ISSN: 1994-6309 (print) / 2541-819X (online) DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.1-98-109 ART I CLE I NFO Article history: Received: 03 October 2022 Revised: 03 November 2022 Accepted: 19 December 2022 Available online: 15 March 2023 Keywords: Diffusion Coating Chromium Thermal-chemical treatment Steel Acknowledgements Research were partially conducted at core facility “Structure, mechanical and physical properties of materials”. ABSTRACT Introduction. The main methods of increasing the efficiency of products made from structural steels are considered. A description of diffusion saturation from liquid metal media solutions (DSLMMS) is given. Also, complex diffusion saturation technology (CDS), including DSLMMS and carburization is shown. The purpose of the work is to reveal the effect of steel composition on the process of formation and elemental composition of diffusion-saturated surface layers (coatings) based on chromium, as well as to establish differences and regularities in the processes of formation of diffusion-saturated coatings after DSLMMS and CDS. The methods of investigation. Cylindrical specimens 20 mm in diameter and 30 mm long were subjected to DSLMMS. The specimens were made of carbon and alloyed steels: St3, 20-Cr13, 40-Cr, 40-Cr13, 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti. At the same time, some of the specimens were previously subjected to vacuum cementation. An eutectic Pb-Bi with the specified content of Cr was used as a transport medium when executing DSLMMS. Metallographic studies were carried out on microsection prepared according to the standard method. Studies to determine the thickness of coatings and its structure were carried out on the Dura Scan Falcon 500 Microhardness Tester. The elemental composition of the coatings was determined by the method of electron microprobe analysis on a Tescan Lyra 3 scanning electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system. Results and discussion. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the formation of saturated coatings occurs with DSLMMS and CDS. At the same time, the thickness of the coatings and its elemental composition depend on the steel grade and the technology used. After DSLMMS concentration of Cr varies from 96.9% to 91.1%. At the same time, the maximum concentration of 96.9% is observed on steel St3. After CDS, on the surfaces of all steel samples, the concentration of Cr decreases in comparison with the coatings obtained by the DSLMMS technology on steels: St3 from 96.9% to 66.8%; 40-Cr from 91.1% to 63.18%; 20-Cr13 from 93.18% to 62.54%; 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti from 92.92% to 64.77%. The total thickness of diffusion-saturated coatings formed on all the alloys studied ranges from 17 to 17.5 µm. For citation: Sokolov A.G., Bobylyov E.E., Popov R.A. Diffusion coatings formation features, obtained by complex chemical-thermal treatment on the structural steels. Obrabotka metallov (tekhnologiya, oborudovanie, instrumenty) = Metal Working and Material Science, 2023, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 98–109. DOI: 10.17212/1994-6309-2023-25.1-98-109. (In Russian). ______ * Corresponding author Bobylyov Eduard Ed., Ph.D. (Engineering), Associate Professor Kuban State Technological University, 2 Moskovskaya st., 350072, Krasnodar, Russian Federation Tel.: +7-918-975-8933; e-mail: ebobylev@mail.ru Introduction One of the quite significant reasons of machine parts performance losing is its mechanochemical wear. In this case, the surface layers of parts are subjected to the main destructive effect. In this regard, the use of hardening technologies is one of the most common ways to improve the performance properties of parts [1–4]. Coatings are created on the surface of parts by surface hardening technologies. Usually, coatings base is Cr, Ti, W, Al, Mo, Ni and its chemical compounds with C and N. Such coatings have a crystalline structure. Coatings make it possible to vary such properties of structural steels surface layers as hardness, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, etc. At the same time, chromium-based coatings should be highlighted
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 separately. Chromium is a fairly common metal, has high corrosion resistance, its carbides and nitrides have high microhardness [9–12]. Chromium forms a continuous series of solid solutions with iron and is widely used as an alloying element. In this regard, chromium-based coatings are a fairly common choice for improving the resistance of machine parts to mechanochemical wear. To apply such coatings, hardening methods such as cladding, flame spraying, electroplating, thermochemical treatment (TCT), etc. are used [13–15]. One of the simplest from a technological point of view, industrially implemented and scalable, cost-effective technologies are thermochemical treatment ones. Amethod of thermodiffusion chromizing is known, when the surface of a part is coated with a chromiumcontaining saturating mixture, and then a coated part is subjected to a soaking at 1,000–1.100 °C, followed by cleaning. The disadvantages of this method include a large degree of contamination of the part’s surface with the remnants of the saturating mixture and coatings’ non-uniformity [16]. Also known is a method of diffusion saturation of structural steels with chromium from molten salts. A common disadvantage of this type of coating is its low adhesion (compared to diffusion coatings) to the base material. Especially if there is a need to form a coating based on carbides or nitrides [17]. One of the promising technologies for forming coatings based on chromium is diffusion saturation from liquid metal medium solutions (DSLMMS) [18–19]. The technology involves saturating the part in a medium of low-melting metals, in which diffusible elements are dissolved in a certain proportion. Coatings are formed due to isothermal selective mass transfer of diffusing elements to the part’s surface and subsequent diffusion and/or chemical interaction with the components of the material being coated. Also, in order to obtain the necessary combination of strength, hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, the technology of complex diffusion alloying (CDA) of parts’ material surface layers, including DSLMMS and carburizing technologies [20], are promising. The purpose of the work is to reveal the effect of steel composition on the process of formation and elemental composition of diffusion-saturated surface layers (coatings) based on chromium, as well as to establish differences and regularities in the processes of formation of diffusion-saturated coatings after DSLMMS and CDS. Methods Experimental studies were carried out, including the combination of DSLMMS with TCT technologies, to achieve the purpose. Cylindrical specimens with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 30 mm subjected to DSLMMS. The specimens were made of carbon and alloy steels: low-carbon St3, 20-Cr13, mediumcarbon 40-Cr, 40-Cr13, and austenitic 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti. Some of the specimens were previously subjected to vacuum carburization. The coatings were deposited by diffusion alloying using the originally developed DSLMMS technology. The process was carried out in an inert medium (argon). DSLMMS is based on the phenomenon of isothermal, selective transfer of coating elements, dissolved in a fusible melt, to the surface of the part, followed by diffusion interaction of the coating elements with the main material of the part. DSLMMS with chromium was carried out at a temperature of 1,025 °C; the soaking time was 5 hours. Iead-bismuth eutectic melt was used as a technological medium (transport melt). Chromiumwas supplied in a given amount into the transport melt. DSLMMS was carried out in a device, designed, produced and patented by us. This device provides the possibility of applying coatings in an open bath with a fusible liquid-metal solution in a cyclic mode, and combines the process of DSLMMS with heat treatment. Before DSLMMS some specimens were subjected to preparatory vacuum carburization at 950 °C during 5 hours. Studies to determine the thickness of coatings and its structure were carried out on the Dura Scan Falcon 500 Microhardness Tester. The elemental composition of the coatings was determined by the method of electron microprobe analysis on a Tescan Lyra 3 scanning electron microscope with the Oxford Ultim MAX PCMA system.
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 Results and discussion It is found that the coatings formed by the DSLMMS process significantly differ from the CDA coatings. CDA leaded to the formation of diffusion-alloyed coatings of much greater thickness, other elemental composition and operational properties, in particular, mechanical and physicochemical. After DSLMMS and CDA multilayer coatings, at least – the main layer and transition layers are formed; but coatings structures differs. The micrographs of the surface layers of St3 and 40-Cr steels are showed in figure 1. Fig 1. Coating on the surface of steels: a – St3 CDS; b – 40-Cr CDS; c – St3 DSLMMS; d – 40-Cr DSLMMS a b c d Analyzing the data of micrographs, it can be concluded that TCT makes it possible to obtain coatings of a greater thickness than DSLMMS. More details about the thickness and elemental composition of the layers are provided by X-ray microanalysis. The elemental composition and distribution of elements in the coatings being formed using DSLMMS and TCT technologies differ in many respects not only in the thickness of the resulting diffusion coatings, but also in the elemental composition, and, consequently, in the properties. The results of electron microprobe analysis made it possible to compare the elemental composition of the coatings, formed by the DSLMMS and TCT in order to further reveal the features of the formation of diffusion-alloyed coatings. The diffusion penetration depth of chromium and its concentration in different areas of the formed diffusionalloyed coating is compared. The results of X-ray microanalysis of diffusion-alloyed chromium DSLMMS coatings are shown in figure 2. As follows from the X-ray microanalysis of the chromium distribution in the coating, despite the different composition of the coated steels, the chromium content at the surface layers is from 96.9 to 91.1 %.
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 The maximum concentration of 96.9 % is observed in unalloyed, low-carbon steel St3. On the surface of other coatings, formed on alloy steels 40-Cr, 20-Cr13, 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti, the concentration of chromium decreases by almost 6 %. Such decrease in the concentration of chromium in the coating indicates the steels’ alloying elements influence. The smallest coating thickness of 8 µm is observed on steels 20-Cr13 and 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti. The thickness of the coatings on 40-Cr and St3 steels is greater and amounts to 10–12 µm. There is a dependence of the chromium distribution on the composition of the coated steel, which is especially evident for steel 20-Cr13. A significantly faster drop of chromium concentration in the coating surface/base material area is observed on 20-Cr13 steel. So the chromium concentration in the amount of 60 % in the coating formed on this steel corresponds to a distance from the surface equal to 3 µm, and in steels 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti, St3, 40-Cr 60 % chromium concentration is observed in the coatings of these steels at distances: 6.5, 8 and 10 µm, respectively. This feature during the coating formation can be explained by the presence in steel 20-Cr13 of a sufficiently large amount of chromium not bound by carbon in steel. a b с d Fig. 2. Results of electron microprobe analysis of diffusion-saturated chromium coatings formed by DSLMMS, temperature 1 025 °C, duration 5 h: a – St3; b – 40-Cr; c – 20-Cr13; d – 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 The elemental composition of the coated steels has a significant effect on the coating formation by DSLMMS. The formation of coatings is influenced by the content of such elements in the steel being coated, as carbon and chromium. When processing steels 20-Cr13, 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti steels, containing chromium in a concentration of more than 10%, the formation of rather thin coatings is observed. This is due to the peculiarities of the interaction of diffusing chromium and the components of steels that already contain chromium. Thus, the formation of a coating requires the formation of chemical compounds, or solid solutions. In the presence of carbon bound into carbides as well as the presence of solid solutions with the participation of chromium, the chromium concentration gradient at the boundary material being coated/ diffusive element decreased, and as a result, the chromium diffusion rate decreases. In steels, containing chromium in small amounts, there is a different pattern of coatings formation. Carbon contained in steel in the form of a solid solution in iron, or in the cementite, actively diffuses to chromium due to the fact that chromium is a strong carbide-forming element, compared with iron, tending to form chromium carbides. The probable diffusion mechanism is grain-boundary diffusion. The results of X-ray microanalysis of diffusion-alloyed chromium CDA coatings are shown in figure 3. As studies have shown, after CDA, under the same modes, the elemental composition and elements distribution in the coatings being formed are determined both by the elemental composition of the alloyed steel and by a significant increase of the carbon concentration in the surface layers of the coated steels from 2.4 % carbon obtained on steel 40-Cr13 to 0.7 % carbon on austenitic steel 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti (figure 3). The resulting coatings consist of several layers. Figure 4 shows a multilayer EDS image after the 40-Cr steel, CDA. It can be concluded that the coatings consist of several layers. The surface layer is characterized by high chromium content and is formed due to the diffusion of chromium into the surface layers of the material being coated. A transition zone formed between the coating and the base material is characterized by a decrease in the concentration of chromium, an increase in the concentration of iron and the presence of a sublayer with an increased concentration of nickel. The formation of a zone with high nickel content can be explained by the fact that nickel, having a low mutual solubility with chromium carbides formed during CDA, is pushed into the transition zone. As follows from the X-ray microanalysis of the distribution of chromium in the coating, despite the fact that all the steels under study were carburized under the same conditions, the distribution of chromium in the coating is determined by the amount of carbon in the surface layers of the steel being coated. Thus, comparing the percentage of chromium in the coatings obtained after the CDA and in the coatings obtained after the DSLMMS, it can be seen that the concentration of chromium is significantly reduced: for St3 – from 96.9 to 66.8 %; for 40-Cr – from 91.1 to 63.18 %; for 20-Cr13 – from 93.18 to 62.54 %; for 12-Cr18Ni10-Ti – from 92.92 to 64.77 %. Such decrease in the concentration of chromium in the surface layers can be explained by an increased content of carbon in the coatings obtained as a result of carburizing, which binds chromium into carbide compounds. The influence of the composition of steels being coated on the coating formation process is manifested due to the influence of its composition both on the carburizing process and on the DSLMMS. Carburization influence on the composition of the coated steels occurred according to the already sufficiently studied mechanism. But the effect of cementation to the DSLMMS technology is still practically unstudied. The carbon content after DSLMMS, despite the presence of high-temperature soaking, remains high in the range from 1.2% C to 0.8% C, throughout the entire thickness of the main coating layer. After that, the carbon concentration in the transition layer gradually decreased to the carbon concentration of the steel being coated. Such stability of the carbon concentration in the main layer is explained by the chromium carbides formation in this layer. In addition to carbon, the diffusion of chromium into the depth of the coating is also influenced by alloying elements. In the case of steel 20-Cr13 surface CDA with chromium, the chromium concentration remains almost constant (more than 60 %) at a depth of 15 µm. With CDA, the chromium concentration of more than 60 % in steel St3 does not exceed a depth of 8 µm, in steel 40-Cr – 7.5 µm, in steel 40-Cr13 – 7 µm, in steel 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti – 6 µm. These phenomena occurring during the formation of diffusion-alloyed chromium coatings on steels containing carbide-forming elements, such as chromium, are explained
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 Fig. 3. Results of electron microprobe analysis of diffusion-saturated chromium coatings formed using the CDS technology: a – St3; b – 40-Cr; c – 20-Cr13; d – 40-Cr13; e – 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti a b c d e
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 Fig. 4. EDS of 40-Cr steel after CDS by the formation of chromium carbides diffusing from the process medium, in this case, from a fusible liquid metal solution. Also, despite the fact that during CDA, the diffusion of the chromium alloying element depends on the elemental composition of the steels being coated, the chromium content on the surface has approximately the same percentage. The chromium concentration on the surface of St3 steel is 66.8 %; on the surface of steel 40-Cr – 64.22 %; on the surface of steel 20-Cr13 – 62.54 %; on the surface of steel 40-Cr13 – 63.18 %; steel 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti – 64.77 %. This is due to approximately the same carbon concentration in the surface layers of the steels being coated due to the fact that it was subjected to preliminary carburizing under the same conditions. This also explains the reduced chromium content on the surface of the coatings. There is no effect of the composition of steel after CDA on the total thickness of the diffusion-alloyed coating. The total thickness of the coatings formed on all the steels lies in the range from 17 to 17.5 μm. Conclusions 1. It is established that the coatings formed by the process of DSLMMS differ significantly from the coatings obtained by CDA. Under the same chromizing modes, multilayer coatings are formed in the DSLMMS and CDA processes, at least the base layer and transition layers, however, the elemental-phase composition, the concentration distribution of alloying elements in the coatings being formed are different. 2. CDA leaded to the formation of coatings of a much greater thickness than DSLMMS. There is no influence of the composition of the steel being coated on the overall thickness of the diffusion-alloyed coating. 3. The chromium concentration in the surface layers of the coating after DSLMMS is quite large for diffusion coatings, and lies, depending on the composition of the steel being coated, in the range from 96.9 to 91.1 % Cr. After CDA, the Cr concentration on the surface of the coating is much less and ranges from 66.8 to 62.54 %. After the CDA, under the same conditions, the elemental composition and concentration distribution of elements in the formed coatings are determined both by the elemental composition of the alloyed steel and by a significant increase in the carbon concentration in the surface layers of the steels being coated from 2.4 % carbon obtained on steel 40-Cr13 to 0.7 % carbon obtained on austenitic steel 12-Cr18-Ni10-Ti.
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 References 1. Zhao H., Ding Y., Li J., Wei G., Zhang M. Corrosion resistance of laser melting deposited Cu-bearing 316L stainless steel coating in 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022, vol. 291, p. 126572. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126572. 2. Fan H.-Q., Lu P., Zhu X., Behnamian Y., Li Q. Development of superhydrophobic and corrosion resistant coatings on carbon steel by hydrothermal treatment and fluoroalkyl silane self-assembly. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2022, vol. 290, p. 126569. DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2022.126569. 3. Hou X., Wang H., Yang Q., Chen Y., Chai L., Song B., Guo N., Guo S., Yao Z. Microstructure and properties of Cr-AlN composite coating prepared by pack-cementation on the surface of Al-containing ODS steel. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022, vol. 447, p. 128842. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128842. 4. Singh V., Singla A.K., Bansal A. Impact of HVOF sprayed Vanadium Carbide (VC) based novel coatings on slurry erosion behaviour of hydro-machinery SS316 steel. Tribology International, 2022, vol. 176, p. 107874. DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2022.107874. 5. Yang K., Chen C., Xu G., Jiang Z., Zhang S., Liu X. HVOF sprayed Ni–Mo coatings improved by annealing treatment: microstructure characterization, corrosion resistance to HCl and corrosion mechanisms. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, vol. 19, pp. 1906–1921. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.181. 6. Liang J., Liu Y., Yang S., Yin X., Chen S., Liu C. Microstructure and wear resistance of laser cladding Ti-Al-Ni-Si composite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022, vol. 445, p. 128727. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128727. 7. Dervishi E., McBride M., Edwards R., Gutierrez M., Li N., Buntyn R., Hooks D.E. Mechanical and tribological properties of anodic Al coatings as a function of anodizing conditions. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022, vol. 444, p. 128652. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128652. 8. Bathini L., Prasad M.J.N.V., Wasekar N.P. Development of continuous compositional gradient Ni-W coatings utilizing electrodeposition for superior wear resistance under sliding contact. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2022, vol. 445, p. 128728. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2022.128728. 9. ZhangM., Shi X., Li Z., XuH. Enhanced corrosion andwear resistance of gradient graphene-CrCnanocomposite coating on stainless steel. Carbon, 2021, vol. 174, pp. 693–709. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2020.12.007. 10. Keunecke M., Bewilogua K., Becker J., Gies A., Grischke M. CrC/a-C:H coatings for highly loaded, low friction applications under formulated oil lubrication. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2012, vol. 207, pp. 270– 278. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.06.085. 11. Wang D., Lin S.-s., Yang Z., Yin Z.-f., Ye F.-x., Gao X.-y., Qiao Y.-p., Xue Y.-n., Yang H.-z., Zhou K.-s. Failure mechanisms of CrN and CrAlN coatings for solid particle erosion resistance // Vacuum. – 2022. – Vol. 204. – P. 111313. – DOI: 10.1016/j.vacuum.2022.111313. 12. Ji C., Guo Q., Li J., Guo Y., Yang Z., Yang W., Xu D., Yang B. Microstructure and properties of CrN coating via multi-arc ion plating on the valve seat material surface. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, vol. 891, p. 161966. DOI: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.161966. 13. Li Q., Song P., Zhang R., Li Z., Wang Y., Du P., Lu J. Oxidation behavior and Cr-Zr diffusion of Cr coatings prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying on zircaloy-4 cladding in steam at 1300 C. Corrosion Science, 2022, vol. 203, p. 110378. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110378. 14. Sahu J.N., C S. Development of hard and wear resistant surface coating on Ni-Cr-Mo steel by surface mechano-chemical carburization treatment (SMCT). Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2019, vol. 263, pp. 285–295. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2018.08.027. 15. Nurakov S., Belotserkovsky M., Suleimenov T., Aitlessov K. Application of chemical-thermal treatment for hardening of sprayed with supersonic coatings. Procedia Computer Science, 2019, vol. 149, pp. 360–364. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2019.01.149. 16. Lakhtin Yu.M., Arzamasov B.N. Khimiko-termicheskaya obrabotka metallov [Chemical heat treatment of metals]. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1985. 256 p. 17. Meißner T.M., Oskay C., Bonk A., Grégoire B., Donchev A., Solimani A., Galetz M.C. Improving the corrosion resistance of ferritic-martensitic steels at 600 °C in molten solar salt via diffusion coatings. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2021, vol. 227, p. 111105. DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2021.111105. 18. SokolovA.G., Bobylyov E.E. Povyshenie iznosostoikosti izdelii iz austenitnykh stalei putem sovmeshcheniya tekhnologii tsementatsii i diffuzionnogo legirovaniya v srede legkoplavkikh zhidkometallicheskikh rasplavov [Increase of durability of austenitic steel by overlap of carburization and diffusion saturation from liquid metal
OBRABOTKAMETALLOV MATERIAL SCIENCE Vol. 25 No. 1 2023 medium solutions technologies]. Journal of Siberian Federal University. Engineering and Technologies, 2020, vol. 13 (4), pp. 502–511. DOI: 10.17516/1999-494X-0241. 19. Sokolov A.G., Bobylyov E.E., Storogenko I.D., Popov R.A. Mechanism and properties diffusion coating formation at carbide forming element base on surface of steel products. AIP Conference Proceedings, 2021, vol. 2389, p. 080001. DOI: 10.1063/5.0063579. 20. Sokolov A.G., Bobylev E.E., Popov R.A. Sposob formirovaniya iznosostoikogo pokrytiya i korrozionnostoikogo pokrytiya na poverkhnosti izdelii iz stali [Method of forming a wear-resistant coating and a corrosionresistant coating on the surface of steel products]. Patent RF, no. 2768647, 2022. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. 2023 The Authors. Published by Novosibirsk State Technical University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTk0ODM1