Analysis and data processing systems

ANALYSIS AND DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS

Print ISSN: 2782-2001          Online ISSN: 2782-215X
English | Русский

Recent issue
№2(98) April - June 2025

Sorting the array of integers using a neural network

Issue No 2 (63) April - June 2016
Authors:

A.A. VOEVODA,
V.L. POLUBINSKY,
D.O. ROMANNIKOV
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/1814-1196-2016-2-151-157
Abstract
Currently, quite a number of various algorithms and data structures are available on which all modern software systems are built. On the other hand, these algorithms are poorly suited for solving problems of pattern recognition, classification, and regression for which specific methods exist and/or solutions based on neural networks are applied. Neural networks are per se universal approximators, i.e. they can reproduce a predetermined curve with a high degree of accuracy. It also follows that unlike classical algorithms, systems based on neural networks will always have a certain percentage of errors due to their probabilistic nature. In this paper, an algorithm of sorting an array of integers using a neural network is proposed. This algorithm is a symbiosis of a neural network and classical algorithms. The paper presents a block diagram of the algorithm which comprises several parts such as a neural network to search for a minimal element of the input vector and a part of the system which places the found minimal element in the sorted part of the array. The last part of the system is implemented in the form of classical algorithms, but can be replaced by a degenerate version of a neural network in which weights are the replacements of array elements. The verification of the proposed algorithm was carried out. As a result, 248 out of 10,000 measurements were wrong, which corresponds to a 2.48% error. Some possible causes of this error rate are also discussed in the paper.

 
Keywords: neural network, algorithms, sorting, classification,Matlab, probabilistic systems, learning, probabilistic algorithms, perceptron

References
1. Cormen T., Leiserson C., Rivest R., Stein C. Introduction to algorithms. 3rd ed. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2009.1328 p.

2. Aho A.V., Hopkroft J.E., Ullman J.D. Strukturydannykhialgoritmy [Data structures and algorithms]. Translated from English. Moscow, Williams Publ., 2016. 400 p.

3. Haykin S. Neural networks and learning machines. 3rded. New York, Pearson Education, 2009. 938 p.

4. Bishop C. Pattern recognition and machine learning. New York, Springer, 2007. 729 p.

5. Richert W., Coelho L.P. Building machine learning systems with Python. 2nd ed. Birmingham, UK, Packt, 2015.290 p.

6. Mohri M., Rostamizadeh A., Talwalkar A. Foundations of machine learning. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 2012.427 p.

7. Hastie T., Tibshirani R., Friedman J. The elements of statistical learning. 2nded. New York, Springer, 2009. 764 p.

8. Ackley D.H., Hinton G.E., Sejnowski T.J. A learning algorithm for Boltzmann machines. Cognitive Science, 1985, vol. 9, pp. 147–169.

9. Bahdanau D., Cho K., Bengio Y. Neural machine translation by jointly learning to align and translate. 3rd International Conference on Learning Representations ICLR’2015: conference paper. – San Diego, 2015. – P. 1–15.

10. Behnke S. Learning iterative image reconstruction in the neural abstraction pyramid. International Journal Computational Intelligence and Applications, 2015, vol. 1 (4), pp. 427–438.

11. Chung J., Gülçehre Ç., Cho K., Bengio Y. Gated feedback recurrent neural networks. Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Machine Learning ICML’15, Lille, France, 2015, pp. 2067–2075.

12. Denton E., Chintala S., Szlam A., Fergus R. Deep generative image models using a Laplacian pyramid of adversarial networks. NIPS Proceedings, Montreal, Canada, 2015, pp. 1–9.

13. Frey B.J. Graphical models for machine learning and digital communication. Cambridge, MA, MIT Press, 1998.195 p.

14. Goodfellow I.J., Courville A., Bengio Y. Scaling up spike-and-slab models for unsupervised feature learning. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2013, vol. 35 (8), pp. 1902–1914.

15. Block H.D. The Perceptron: a model for brain functioning. Reviews of Modern Physics, 1962, vol. 34 (1), pp. 123–135.

 
Views: 4100