Abstract
The operation of aircraft equipment by imposing reserve maintenance periods of aircraft service (the so-called method of resource technical operation) has a number of significant disadvantages e.g. the complexity of storage and recording operating parameters. The service life is the same for all aircraft of a similar type, but the operation of each individual unit is unique and depends on their conditions such as irregularities of operation aerodrome, the level of crew and maintenance personnel training, aerodynamic loads during flights, etc. The operation method based on the aircraft resource is replaced by the technical operation method based on the aircraft state. This approach involves an operation method in which equipment is replaced only in the case of its failure or before it reaches a failure situation for all types of maintenance and repair which are used to recondition or discard it. This method sets the main tasks: choosing the parameters determining the efficiency of aircraft, determining the boundaries of the parameter range and the task of monitoring parameters during operation.
Problems of aircraft operation based on their state are solved by using built-in monitoring systems to track the parameters and operating conditions of the aircraft.
In this paper, we consider the use of fiber-optic technology to create built-in self-diagnosis systems of aircraft structures. We present global trends of modern aviation development aimed at reducing maintenance costs and transition to aircraft operation based on their state. The trends in the development of distributed optical fiber sensor systems (systems of self-diagnosis) and methods of processing their information are studied. The development of modern aviation is moving towards reducing the cost of operation and maintenance of aircraft, thereby proceeds to operation as of aircraft. The implementation of the approach operation as cannot be solved without the use of a self-diagnosis system as a part of an aircraft.
As an example of a self-diagnosis system distributed fiber optic sensors to control such parameters as strain, temperature and acceleration are provided. The experience of the use of sensors to monitor the state of samples of materials used in the construction of aircraft is described. Recording of controlled parameters to solve problems of self-diagnosis, which will increase the reliability and reduce the aircraft maintenance downtime, is shown.
Keywords: Fiber-optic technology, sensors, self-test, aircraft, composite material, the Bragg grating, fiber-optic sensor, smart composite material, built-in monitoring systems, condition monitored maintenance, control of the sample material state
References
1. Kablov E.K., Sivakov D.V., Guliaev I.N., Sorokin K.V., Fedotov M.Yu., Goncharov V.A. Metody issledovaniya konstruktsionnykh kompozitsionnykh materialov s integrirovannoi elektromekhanicheskoi sistemoi [Test methods of structural composites with the integrated electromechanical system]. Aviatsionnye materialy i tekhnologii – Aviation Materials and Technologies, 2010, no. 4, pp. 17–20.
2. Gulyaev I.N., Gunyaev G.M., Raskutin A.E. Polimernye kompozitsionnye materialy s funktsiyami adaptatsii i diagnostiki sostoyaniya [Polymeric composites with the functions of adaptation and diagnostics of the condition]. Aviatsionnye materialy i tekhnologii – Aviation Materials and Technologies, 2012, no. 8, pp. 242–253.
3. Kablov E.K., Sivakov D.V., Gulyaev I.N., Sorokin K.V., Fedotov M.Yu., Dianov E.M., Vasil'ev S.A., Medvedkov O.I. Primenenie opticheskogo volokna v kachestve datchikov deformatsii v polimernykh kompozitsionnykh materialakh [Application of optical fiber as sensor of deformation in polymer composite materials]. Vse materialy. Entsiklopedicheskii spravochnik, 2010, no. 3, pp. 10–15.
4. Efimov V.A., Kirillov V.N., Dobryanskaya O.A., Nikolaev E.V., Shvedkova A.K., Koren'kova T.G., Deev I.S. [On the question of how to conduct full-scale climatic testing of polymeric composite materials]. Sbornik dokladov VIII nauchnoi konferentsii po gidroaviatsii “Gidroaviasalon-2010” [Proceedings of the VIII Scientific conference on hydroaviation "Gidroaviasalon-2010"]. Moscow, 2010, pp. 102–106.
5. Makhsidov V.V., Fedotov M.Yu., Goncharov V.A., Sorokin K.V. Mekhanicheskie svoistva polimernykh kompozitsionnykh materialov s integrirovannymi opticheskim voloknom [The mechanical properties of polymer composites with integrated optical fiber]. Deformatsiya i razrushenie materialov – Russian Metallurgy (Metally), 2014, no. 9, pp. 2–7. (In Russian)
6. Grattan K.T.V., Sun T. Fiber optic sensor technology: an overview. Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical, 2000, vol. 82, iss. 1–3, pp. 40–61.
7. Badeeva E.A., Gorish A.V., Kotov A.N., Murashkina T.I., Pivkin A.G. Teoreticheskie osnovy proektirovaniya amplitudnykh volokonno-opticheskikh datchikov davleniya s otkrytym opticheskim kanalom [Theoretical bases of designing of peak fiber optic pressure sensors with open optical channel]. Moscow, Moscow State Forest University Publ., 2004. 246 p.
8. Tomyshev K.A., Bagan V.A., Astapenko V.A. Raspredelennye volokonno-opticheskie datchiki davleniya dlya primeneniya v neftegazovoi promyshlennosti [Distributed fiber-optic pressure sensors for application in oil and gas industry]. Trudy Moskovskogo fiziko-tekhnicheskogo instituta – Proceedings of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 2012, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 64–72.
9. Kersey A.D., Davis M.A, Patrick H.J., Leblanc M., Koo K.P., Askins C.G., Putnam M.A., Friebele E.J. Fiber grating sensors. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 1997, vol. 15, iss. 8, pp. 1442–1463.
10. Kashyar R. Fiber Bragg grating. San Diego, Academic Press, 1999. 458 p.
11. Babin S.A., Kablukov S.I., Shelemba I.S., Vlasov A.A. An interrogator for a fiber Bragg sensors array based on a tunable erbium fiber laser. Laser Physics, 2007, vol. 17, no. 11, pp. 1340–1344.
12. Garmash V.B., Egorov F.A., Kolomiets L.N., Neugodnikov A.P., Pospelov V.I. Vozmozhnosti, zadachi i perspektivy volokonno-opticheskikh izmeritel'nykh sistem v sovremennom priborostroenii [Fiber-optic measuring systems in modern industry possibilities, aims and perspectivies]. Foton-Ekspress, 2005, vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 128–132.
13. Babin S.A., Kuznetsov A.G., Shelemba I.S. Sravnenie metodov izmereniya raspredeleniya temperatury s pomoshch'yu breggovskikh reshetok i kombinatsionnogo rasseyan'ya sveta v opticheskikh voloknakh [Comparison of temperature distribution measurement methods with the use of the Bragg gratingsand raman scattering of light in optical fibers]. Avtometriya – Optoelectronics, Instrumentation and Data Processing, 2010, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 70–77. (In Russian)
14. Sokolov A.N., Yatsev V.A. Volokonno-opticheskie datchiki i sistemy: printsipy postroeniya, vozmozhnosti i perspektivy [Fiber-optic sensors and systems: design principles, opportunities and prospects]. Lightwave. Russian edition – Lightwave, 2006, no. 4, pp. 44–46. (In Russian)
15. Vasil'ev S.A., Medvedkov O.I., Korolev I.G., Bozhkov A.S. Volokonnye reshetki pokazatelya prelomleniya i ikh primeneniya [Fiber gratings and their applications]. Kvantovaya elektronika – Quantum Electronics, 2005, no. 12, pp. 1085–1103. (In Russian)
16. Medvedkov O.I., Korolev I.G., Vasil'ev S.A. Zapis' volokonnykh breggovskikh reshetok v skheme s interferometrom Loida i modelirovanie ikh spektral'nykh svoistv [Record of fiber Bragg gratings in the scheme of interferometer Lloyd and modeling of their spectral properties]. Preprint no. 6. Fiber optics research center of the Russian academy of sciences. Moscow, 2004, pp. 12–39.
