Novikov Ilya,
Boris Ivanov,
Krivetsky Andrey Vasilyevich,
Schekin Pavel Sergeevich,
Ilichev Evgeni,
Vostretsov Aleksey Gennadjevich
Abstract
High quality noise free measurements for superconducting circuits are provided by a joint operation of a refrigerator and a measurement setup. In this paper we show experimental results of noise power spectral density measurements for a full microwave setup of quantum circuit readout with various temperatures up to 10 mK. The main part of the microwave setup is a low noise cryogenic amplifier. A maximum gain of the amplifier amounts to 15 dB with power con-sumption of 1.5 mW. The amplifier has a wideband frequency range from 1 MHz to 4 GHz. The efficiency of the shielding part of the cryostat provides noise suppression of over 100 dB.
Keywords: dilution refrigerator, microwave setup, microwave measurements, nondestructive measurements
Authors:
Novikov Ilya
Candidate of Sciences (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Semiconductor Devices and Microelectronics Department, senior scientist of the cryogenic quantum electronics laboratory in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. His research interests are currently focused on applied superconductivity, superconducting quantum detectors to measure weak magnetic fields, superconducting single-photon detectors. He is author of more than 20 scientific papers. (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: ilya_novikov@mail.ru).
Boris Ivanov
Candidate of Sciences (Eng.), senior scientist of the cryogenic quantum electronics laboratory in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. His research interests are currently focused on cryogenic amplifiers and superconducting quantum circuits He is author of 12 scientific papers. (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: to_ivanov_boris@yahoo.com).
Krivetsky Andrey Vasilyevich
Candidate of Science (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Development and Technology Radioelectronic Devices Department, senior scientist of cryogenic quantum electronics laboratory in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. His research interests are currently focused on measurements, signal processing, measurement electronics, measurement automatization. He is author more than 20 scientific papers. (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: jcu@ngsl.ru).
Schekin Pavel Sergeevich
engineer of the cryogenic quantum electronics laboratory in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. His research interests are currently focused on low noise analog devices and digital devices (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: a7s2@yandex.ru).
Ilichev Evgeni
Ph.D. (Phys.&Math.), Professor of the cryogenic quantum electronics laboratory in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. He is a group leader in the Macroscopic quantum systems laboratory at the Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Jena, Germany. His research interests are currently focused on macroscopic quantum systems, superconducting electronics and superconducting quantum bits. He is author of over 50 publications cited to Web of Science including 2 monographs. (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: evgeni.ilichev@ipht-jena.de).
Vostretsov Aleksey Gennadjevich
Doctor of Sciences (Eng.), Professor, Vice-Rector for research, Head of the Development and Technology Radioelectronic Devices Department in the Novosibirsk State Technical University. He was awarded The Honored Science Worker of the Russian Federation title in 2010. His research interests are currently focused on the statistical theory of signal processing in conditions of a priori uncertainty. He is author of over 150 publications including 3 monographs. (Address: 20, Karl Marx Av., Novosibirsk, 630073, Russian Federation. Email: vostretsov@adm.nstu.ru).
References
- Chiorescu I., Bertet P., Semba K., Nakamura Y., Harmans C.J.P.M., Mooij J.E. Coherent dy-namics of a flux qubit coupled to a harmonic oscillator. Letters to Nature, 2004, vol. 431, no. 7005, pp. 159–162. doi: 10.1038/nature02831
- Il’ichev E., Greenberg Ya.S. Flux qubit as a sensor of magnetic flux. A Letters Journal Exploring the Frontiers of Physics, 2007, vol. 77, no. 5, pp. 58005-p1–58005-p4. doi: 10.1209/0295-5075/77/58005
- Mooij J.E., Orlando T.P., Levitov L., Tian L., Wal C.H. van der, Lloyd S. Josephson persistent-current qubit. Science, 1999, vol. 285, no. 5430, pp. 1036–1039. doi: 10.1126/science. 285.5430.1036
- Serban I., Plourde B.L.T., Wilhelm F.K. Quantum nondemolition-like fast measurement scheme for a superconducting qubit. Physical Review B, 2008, vol. 78, no. 5, pp. 054507-1–054507-10. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.054507
- Plourde B.L.T., Robertson T.L., Reichardt P.A., Hime T., Linzen S., Wu C.-E., Clarke J. Flux qubits and readout device with two independent flux lines. Physical Review B, 2005, vol. 72, no. 6, pp. 060506(R)-1–060506(R)-4. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.060506
- Clarke J., Wilhelm F.K. Superconducting quantum bits. Nature, 2008, vol. 453, no. 7198, pp. 1031–1042. doi: 10.1038/nature07128
- Devoret M.H., Wallraff A., Martinis J.M. Superconducting qubits: a short review. The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System, 2004. 41 p.
- Leggett A.J. Superconducting qubits – A major roadblock dissolved. Science, 2002, vol. 296, no. 5569, pp. 861–862. doi: 10.1126/science1071703
- Shnirman A., Makhlin Y., Schön G. Noise and decoherence in quantum two-level systems. Physica Scripta, 2002, vol. 102, pp. 147–154. doi: 10.1238/Physica.Topical.102a00147
- Amin M.H.S., Truncik C.J.S., Averin D.V. Role of single qubit decoherence time in adia-batic quantum computation. Physical Review A, 2009, vol. 80, pp. 022303-1–022303-5. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.80.022303
- Fink J.M., Steffen L., Studer P., Bishop L.S., Baur M., Bianchetti R., Bozyigit D., Lang C., Filipp S., Leek P.J., Wallraff A. Quantum-to-classical transition in cavity quantum electro-dynamics. Physical Review Letters, 2010, vol. 105, pp. 163601-1–163601-4. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.163601
- BFP640ESD. Robust low noise silicon germanium bipolar RF transistor. Revision 1.1. Edi-tion 2012-09-17. Munich, Germany, Infineon Technologies AG, 2013. 27 p. Available at: http://www.infineon.com/dgdl/Infineon-BFP640ESD-DS-v0101-en.pdf?fileId= db3a30432968 c552012991de121f54ac (accessed 22.11.2014)
- Ivanov B.I., Trgala M., Grajcar M., Il’ichev E., Meyer H.-G. Cryogenic ultra-low-noise SiGe transistor amplifier. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2011, vol. 82, iss. 10, pp. 104705-1–104705-3. doi: 10.1063/1.3655448
- Kiviranta M. Use of SiGe bipolar transistors for cryogenic readout of SQUIDs. Superconduc-tor Sciense and Technology, 2006, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1297–1302. doi: 10.1088/0953-2048/19/12/014
- Beev N., Kiviranta M. Note: cryogenic low-noise dc-coupled wideband differential amplifier based on SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2012, vol. 83, iss. 6, pp. 066107-1–066107-3. doi: 10.1063/1.4729665
- Weinreb S., Bardin J., Mani H., Jones G. Matched wideband low-noise amplifiers for radio astronomy. Review of Scientific Instruments, 2009, vol. 80, iss. 4, pp. 044702-1–044702-5. doi: 10.1063/1.3103939
- Ivanov B.I. Eksperimental'noe issledovanie kriogennykh usilitelei na osnove SiGe bipolyarnykh tranzistorov pri temperature 4.2 K [Experimental study of cryogenic SiGe bipolar transistors at 4.2 K]. Doklady Akademii nauk vysshei shkoly Rossiiskoi Federatsii – Procee-dings of the Russian higher school Academy of sciences, 2014, no. 1 (22), pp. 73–82.
