ОБРАБОТКА МЕТАЛЛОВ

Введение. В настоящее время одним из наиболее перспективных направлений реализации технологических процессов производства металлических изделий сложной конфигурации является аддитивное производство. В его основе лежит послойная наплавка металла в соответствии с трехмерной моделью, созданной посредством компьютерного проектирования. В качестве исходного материала используют металлические порошки или проволоку различных составов. Источником тепла служат электронный пучок, лазерный луч или электрическая дуга. Несмотря на существующее достаточно большое количество технологий выращивания металлических изделий сложной формы некоторые из них имеют очень высокую стоимость оборудования и соответственно высокую себестоимость. Поэтому разработка технологии и оборудования электродугового послойного выращивания металлических изделий является сложной актуальной задачей. Цель работы: исследование механических и трибологических свойств металлических изделий, выращенных электродуговым способом в среде защитных газов из углеродистой стали по разработанной технологии. В работе исследованы металлические вертикальные стенки, выращенные электродуговым послойным способом в среде защитных газов. Методами исследования являются механические испытания предела прочности, предела текучести и относительного удлинения выращенных образцов, а также трибологические свойства (площадь поверхности износа, коэффициент трения и амплитуда вибрационных ускорений). Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлено, что образцы, выращенные с использованием технологии аддитивного производства на основе электродуговой наплавки плавящимся электродом в среде активных газов, имеют механические свойства, соизмеримые с литым металлом. Установлено, что произошло уменьшение погонной энергии при выращивании металлической стенки по разработанной технологии за счет предварительного подогрева электродной проволоки до 400…600 °С путем установки дополнительного токоподвода, расположенного на расстоянии 250…400 мм от торца проволоки для пропускания подогревающего тока. В результате повысились трибологические свойства выращенных образцов и их износ стал более равномерным.

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