ОБРАБОТКА МЕТАЛЛОВ

Введение. Сплав Al-7Si является одним из ключевых алюминиевых сплавов, поскольку обладает удачным сочетанием литейных и механических свойств. Металломатричные композиты (ММК), армированные керамическими частицами, находят широкое применение в высокотехнологичных отраслях, таких как военная, автомобилестроительная, аэрокосмическая и электротехническая промышленность. Целями данного исследования являются: (1) изучение возможности получения композиционных материалов на основе сплава Al-7Si, армированных различным количеством наночастиц TiO₂, с применением метода механического замешивания; (2) исследование влияния толщины стенки литейной формы на микроструктуру и механические свойства сплава Al-7Si в процессе затвердевания; (3) анализ влияния содержания армирующего компонента на механические свойства и износостойкость полученных композиционных материалов. Методология. Методом механического замешивания были изготовлены металломатричные композиционные материалы на основе сплава Al-7Si, содержащие 0, 2, 4 и 6 масс. % наночастиц TiO₂. Для металлографических и механических испытаний были подготовлены цилиндрические образцы диаметром 15 мм и длиной 18 мм. Результаты и обсуждение. Установлено, что скорость затвердевания возрастает с увеличением толщины стенки литейной формы. Это приводит к росту скорости охлаждения и, как следствие, к формированию более мелкозернистой структуры. Микроструктура отливки демонстрирует изменение размера зерна от мелкого к крупному при переходе от внешней поверхности (прилегающей к внутренней стенке формы) к внутренней части отливки. В связи с этим микротвердость вблизи внутренней стенки формы оказывается выше. Измерения плотности показывают, что композиты с более высокой массовой долей армирующих частиц имеют большую пористость. В то же время результаты испытаний на твердость и износостойкость свидетельствуют о том, что увеличение содержания частиц TiO₂ приводит к повышению твердости и значительному снижению скорости изнашивания композиционных материалов.

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